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Latest Articles
2024-04-23 9:00
Alcohol and Health
Rhabdomyolysis Symptoms & Alcohol's Role
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If you’ve had rhabdo before, can you drink alcohol now, or should you wait a few months? Learn the facts about rhabdomyolysis and alcohol on the Reframe blog.

17 min read

Reduce Your Risk of Rhabdo With Reframe

Although it isn’t a treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), the Reframe app can help you cut back on drinking gradually with the science-backed knowledge to empower you 100% of the way. Our proven program has helped millions of people around the world drink less and live more. And we want to help you get there, too!

The Reframe app equips you with the knowledge and skills you need to not only survive drinking less, but to thrive while you navigate the journey. Our daily research-backed readings teach you the neuroscience of alcohol, and our in-app Toolkit provides the resources and activities you need to navigate each challenge.

You’ll meet millions of fellow Reframers in our 24/7 Forum chat and daily Zoom check-in meetings. Receive encouragement from people worldwide who know exactly what you’re going through! You’ll also have the opportunity to connect with our licensed Reframe coaches for more personalized guidance.

Plus, we’re always introducing new features to optimize your in-app experience. We recently launched our in-app chatbot, Melody, powered by the world’s most powerful AI technology. Melody is here to help as you adjust to a life with less (or no) alcohol. 

And that’s not all! Every month, we launch fun challenges, like Dry/Damp January, Mental Health May, and Outdoorsy June. You won’t want to miss out on the chance to participate alongside fellow Reframers (or solo if that’s more your thing!).

The Reframe app is free for 7 days, so you don’t have anything to lose by trying it. Are you ready to feel empowered and discover life beyond alcohol? Then download our app through the App Store or Google Play today! 

Read Full Article  →

A 19-year-old consumed two liters of red wine. Six hours later, he entered the emergency room intoxicated, uneasy, and sore. He hadn’t taken any medications or other substances, and his medical history was completely unremarkable. After running numerous tests, however, the doctors spotted muscle damage and concluded he had alcohol-induced rhabdomyolysis

Fortunately, he was diagnosed and treated quickly and was able to make a full recovery. But what happens the next time his friends invite him out for drinks? Is it safe to drink alcohol after a rhabdo diagnosis? 

What Is Rhabdo?

a woman with crutches and a doctor

Rhabdomyolysis, nicknamed “rhabdo,” is a rare, rapid breakdown of damaged muscle tissue. When our muscles are injured, they deteriorate, releasing a slew of proteins and electrolytes into the bloodstream. This can worsen kidney function and alter the body’s electrolyte balance. If left untreated, rhabdomyolysis can even lead to organ failure.

Any form of muscle damage may cause rhabdo. The most common culprits are physical overexertion, traumatic injury, and excessive heat exposure. More rarely, muscle breakdown occurs due to drug and alcohol use, certain medications, or illnesses.

If left untreated, rhabdo can be deadly. Knowing the signs of this condition helps us seek medical care before it’s too late.

What Are the Symptoms of Rhabdomyolysis?

Clinicians identify rhabdomyolysis through a triad of symptoms: myalgia, myoglobinuria, and asthenia. For those of us who aren’t doctors, that translates to muscle pain, tea-colored urine, and weakness.

It’s important to note that experiencing all of these symptoms at once is a bit rare; fewer than 10% of us will have all three. Instead, we’ll probably just notice one common symptom — the dark, discolored urine emblematic of rhabdomyolysis.

The following symptoms are also associated with rhabdo:

  • Muscle swelling, especially in one specific area
  • Persistent cramping sensations
  • Dehydration
  • Nausea
  • Infrequent urination
  • Fainting

Regardless of how your muscle damage manifests, prompt medical care is crucial. If you experience extreme muscle pain, dark urine, swelling, or any of the other symptoms outlined above, head to the hospital. This condition can be life-threatening.

What Happens If You Have Rhabdomyolysis?

When we have rhabdo, our deteriorating muscles dump a ton of potassium, phosphate, creatine kinase (CK), urate, and myoglobin into our bloodstream. All that gunk eventually reaches our kidneys, which may struggle to filter out those unexpected hemoglobinic pollutants. That’s a fast track to kidney failure and a whole host of other issues.

The consequences of rhabdo are serious. If left untreated, this condition can cause big problems:

  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Kidney damage and failure
  • Electrolyte imbalance
  • Cardiac arrhythmia (abnormal heartbeat)
  • Seizures
  • Metabolic acidosis (acid buildup)
  • Compartment syndrome (poor circulation and necrosis caused by swelling)
  • Disability
  • Death

Because rhabdomyolysis threatens our lives, we want to take every possible measure to avoid it. In addition to avoiding triggers like prolonged heat exposure and heavy exercise, we may want to consider one other lifestyle change — cutting back on our alcohol intake. 

Alcohol and Rhabdomyolysis

Alcohol is one of the lesser-known causes of rhabdo. Some patients develop this condition after episodes of intoxication or alcohol-induced comas (acute alcoholic myopathy). Others only exhibit symptoms after years of heavy drinking, which we call chronic alcoholic myopathy.

When we consume large amounts of alcohol, we become dehydrated and uninhibited. Both of these changes contribute to our risk of rhabdo. For example, our impaired judgment may lead us to make decisions we usually wouldn’t, resulting in muscle injury from falls or overexertion. These short-term risks may cause us to develop rhabdo.

There’s another facet to alcohol-induced rhabdomyolysis: drinking accelerates the muscle breakdown associated with rhabdo. When our liver metabolizes the ethanol found in beer, wine, or cocktails, it produces carcinogenic acetaldehyde. This substance triggers the formation of free radicals — unstable, reactive molecules that destroy the protective membranes of our cells. Over time, this damage adds up, meaning that those of us who drink heavily in the long term may experience muscle breakdown, weakness, and (you guessed it) rhabdo.

So, what can we do if we have this condition? If your urine is tea-colored after drinking or you notice out-of-control muscle aches, you may need to go to the hospital.

Preventing Rhabdo Recurrence

How Do You Treat Alcohol-Induced Rhabdomyolysis?

Seek medical care immediately if you experience any symptoms of rhabdo. This potentially fatal condition isn’t one we can treat on our own — it requires expert clinical care.

As in most medical emergencies, prompt intervention for rhabdomyolysis is key. The sooner we get to the hospital, the better our outcome will be. Our medical team will strive to promote muscle healing, stop further muscle damage, and protect our kidney function.

All types of rhabdo, including alcohol-induced rhabdomyolysis, are treated with fluid management. Mild cases may resolve with a combo of rest and lots of water. In moderate to severe instances, we might require “aggressive repletion” in the form of intravenous fluids administered at the hospital. Those typically include saline or a solution of glucose and sodium bicarbonate (commonly known as baking soda). The purpose of this approach is to flush out the muscle proteins that cause arrhythmia and kidney damage.

Research: New Treatments for Rhabdo

Because rhabdo is such a dangerous condition, scientists continue searching for more (and better) ways to treat it. At present, there is no standardized second-line treatment for those whose conditions aren’t improved by fluids. Fortunately, it seems like that’s changing.

Researchers from Tulane University found that corticosteroids dramatically improved the condition of an alcohol-induced rhabdomyolysis patient who didn’t respond to fluid management. These drugs have a low toxicity profile, making them potentials option for those who don’t respond to aggressive repletion.

Additionally, medical experts have begun looking into ways to prevent recurrent episodes of rhabdomyolysis.

Preventing Rhabdo Recurrence

While we can’t completely eliminate the risk of rhabdo, we can make lifestyle changes that reduce it:


  • Learn the warning signs. Keep an eye out for warning signs of rhabdo — especially alcoholic rhabdomyolysis symptoms. Remember, you may not experience dark urine, weakness, and muscle pain all at once, but any one of these is cause for medical attention.

  • Take it easy. Overexertion causes most cases of rhabdo — especially if we’re jumping into heavy, prolonged physical activity after a long break. Be mindful of this and consider setting limits on exercise or hard labor whenever possible. Your health comes first!

  • Hydrate. Drinking enough water is crucial for rhabdo prevention. The average woman needs 2.7 liters of fluid each day, while men need a full liter more (3.7). You also may want to stay away from caffeine, alcohol, and other dehydrating substances.

  • Stay cool. Heat exposure drastically increases our chances of developing rhabdomyolysis. If you must stay outside in high temperatures, take breaks, stick to the shade, and head indoors from time to time. Know your limits and take care of yourself!

  • Rule out health conditions. Discovering what’s behind your rhabdo can help you fend off future flare-ups. Have a conversation with your primary care physician after receiving treatment for muscle damage. They can order diagnostic tests to identify any underlying conditions that predispose you to rhabdomyolysis, such as autoimmune myositis.

  • Eat well (and consistently). Fresh fruits and veggies provide the antioxidant boost we need to keep rhabdo at bay. Eat well and avoid long periods of fasting, especially before strenuous workouts or long days in the heat.

  • Abstain from alcohol. At best, drinking may counteract the efforts you’ve made to repair your muscles post-rhabdo. At worst, it can trigger another episode or contribute to lasting organ damage. Consider cutting back on booze (or cutting it out entirely) — especially if you have alcohol rhabdomyolysis.

Any small change you make in the right direction will help you avoid rhabdo and improve your overall health.

How Long After Rhabdo Can I Drink Alcohol?

Rhabdomyolysis and alcohol don’t mix, but can you drink at all after rhabdo? If so, how long should you wait? Is it okay to drink during treatment? Below is a quick reference guide answering the question, “How long after rhabdo can I drink alcohol?”


  • If you currently have rhabdo: If you’re in the middle of treatment for rhabdo, do not drink any alcohol at all. Drinking puts a ton of additional stress on your internal organs, including your kidneys, which are currently doing their best to recover from rhabdomyolysis. Alcohol also contributes to dehydration, which can prolong your symptoms and counteract the fluid therapy you’re currently receiving.

  • If your rhabdo has resolved and was not caused by alcohol: Talk to your medical team if you’re hoping to have a few cocktails post-treatment. Their recommendation should take priority over any advice you see online. They’ll probably ask you to wait anywhere from several weeks to a few months for your kidney function and muscles to return to normal. Once your doctor has given you the okay, you may begin slowly reincorporating alcohol into your life. Just make sure you have the go-ahead, and don’t go overboard! Moderating your intake is a good idea to prevent future episodes.

  • If your rhabdo has resolved and was caused by alcohol: If your doctor determined that you had alcohol-induced rhabdomyolysis, they may advise you to quit drinking (or at least drink less). They can offer you resources and support for navigating this major lifestyle shift. If your provider says it’s all right to drink in moderation, consider tracking your alcohol intake with Reframe. If they ask you to quit entirely, Reframe can help you do that, too.


Abstaining from alcohol entirely is the safest option, but your doctor will have the best recommendations for your particular case. 

Avoid Alcohol Rhabdomyolysis

The connection between alcohol and rhabdomyolysis is complex. Drinking contributes to muscle damage and weakens our immune system — a recipe for rhabdo recurrence. Our best bet is to enjoy some non-alcoholic alternatives while putting our well-being first.

If you start developing health conditions due to drinking, you may want to reevaluate your relationship with alcohol. Reframe offers a framework to help you do just that. Our one-of-a-kind app provides daily inspiration and valuable information, whether you’re quitting or cutting back. You can also enjoy peer support in our 24/7 Forum or regular Zoom meetings. We’re with you every step of the way. Visit the App Store or Google Play today for more information.

A 19-year-old consumed two liters of red wine. Six hours later, he entered the emergency room intoxicated, uneasy, and sore. He hadn’t taken any medications or other substances, and his medical history was completely unremarkable. After running numerous tests, however, the doctors spotted muscle damage and concluded he had alcohol-induced rhabdomyolysis

Fortunately, he was diagnosed and treated quickly and was able to make a full recovery. But what happens the next time his friends invite him out for drinks? Is it safe to drink alcohol after a rhabdo diagnosis? 

What Is Rhabdo?

a woman with crutches and a doctor

Rhabdomyolysis, nicknamed “rhabdo,” is a rare, rapid breakdown of damaged muscle tissue. When our muscles are injured, they deteriorate, releasing a slew of proteins and electrolytes into the bloodstream. This can worsen kidney function and alter the body’s electrolyte balance. If left untreated, rhabdomyolysis can even lead to organ failure.

Any form of muscle damage may cause rhabdo. The most common culprits are physical overexertion, traumatic injury, and excessive heat exposure. More rarely, muscle breakdown occurs due to drug and alcohol use, certain medications, or illnesses.

If left untreated, rhabdo can be deadly. Knowing the signs of this condition helps us seek medical care before it’s too late.

What Are the Symptoms of Rhabdomyolysis?

Clinicians identify rhabdomyolysis through a triad of symptoms: myalgia, myoglobinuria, and asthenia. For those of us who aren’t doctors, that translates to muscle pain, tea-colored urine, and weakness.

It’s important to note that experiencing all of these symptoms at once is a bit rare; fewer than 10% of us will have all three. Instead, we’ll probably just notice one common symptom — the dark, discolored urine emblematic of rhabdomyolysis.

The following symptoms are also associated with rhabdo:

  • Muscle swelling, especially in one specific area
  • Persistent cramping sensations
  • Dehydration
  • Nausea
  • Infrequent urination
  • Fainting

Regardless of how your muscle damage manifests, prompt medical care is crucial. If you experience extreme muscle pain, dark urine, swelling, or any of the other symptoms outlined above, head to the hospital. This condition can be life-threatening.

What Happens If You Have Rhabdomyolysis?

When we have rhabdo, our deteriorating muscles dump a ton of potassium, phosphate, creatine kinase (CK), urate, and myoglobin into our bloodstream. All that gunk eventually reaches our kidneys, which may struggle to filter out those unexpected hemoglobinic pollutants. That’s a fast track to kidney failure and a whole host of other issues.

The consequences of rhabdo are serious. If left untreated, this condition can cause big problems:

  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Kidney damage and failure
  • Electrolyte imbalance
  • Cardiac arrhythmia (abnormal heartbeat)
  • Seizures
  • Metabolic acidosis (acid buildup)
  • Compartment syndrome (poor circulation and necrosis caused by swelling)
  • Disability
  • Death

Because rhabdomyolysis threatens our lives, we want to take every possible measure to avoid it. In addition to avoiding triggers like prolonged heat exposure and heavy exercise, we may want to consider one other lifestyle change — cutting back on our alcohol intake. 

Alcohol and Rhabdomyolysis

Alcohol is one of the lesser-known causes of rhabdo. Some patients develop this condition after episodes of intoxication or alcohol-induced comas (acute alcoholic myopathy). Others only exhibit symptoms after years of heavy drinking, which we call chronic alcoholic myopathy.

When we consume large amounts of alcohol, we become dehydrated and uninhibited. Both of these changes contribute to our risk of rhabdo. For example, our impaired judgment may lead us to make decisions we usually wouldn’t, resulting in muscle injury from falls or overexertion. These short-term risks may cause us to develop rhabdo.

There’s another facet to alcohol-induced rhabdomyolysis: drinking accelerates the muscle breakdown associated with rhabdo. When our liver metabolizes the ethanol found in beer, wine, or cocktails, it produces carcinogenic acetaldehyde. This substance triggers the formation of free radicals — unstable, reactive molecules that destroy the protective membranes of our cells. Over time, this damage adds up, meaning that those of us who drink heavily in the long term may experience muscle breakdown, weakness, and (you guessed it) rhabdo.

So, what can we do if we have this condition? If your urine is tea-colored after drinking or you notice out-of-control muscle aches, you may need to go to the hospital.

Preventing Rhabdo Recurrence

How Do You Treat Alcohol-Induced Rhabdomyolysis?

Seek medical care immediately if you experience any symptoms of rhabdo. This potentially fatal condition isn’t one we can treat on our own — it requires expert clinical care.

As in most medical emergencies, prompt intervention for rhabdomyolysis is key. The sooner we get to the hospital, the better our outcome will be. Our medical team will strive to promote muscle healing, stop further muscle damage, and protect our kidney function.

All types of rhabdo, including alcohol-induced rhabdomyolysis, are treated with fluid management. Mild cases may resolve with a combo of rest and lots of water. In moderate to severe instances, we might require “aggressive repletion” in the form of intravenous fluids administered at the hospital. Those typically include saline or a solution of glucose and sodium bicarbonate (commonly known as baking soda). The purpose of this approach is to flush out the muscle proteins that cause arrhythmia and kidney damage.

Research: New Treatments for Rhabdo

Because rhabdo is such a dangerous condition, scientists continue searching for more (and better) ways to treat it. At present, there is no standardized second-line treatment for those whose conditions aren’t improved by fluids. Fortunately, it seems like that’s changing.

Researchers from Tulane University found that corticosteroids dramatically improved the condition of an alcohol-induced rhabdomyolysis patient who didn’t respond to fluid management. These drugs have a low toxicity profile, making them potentials option for those who don’t respond to aggressive repletion.

Additionally, medical experts have begun looking into ways to prevent recurrent episodes of rhabdomyolysis.

Preventing Rhabdo Recurrence

While we can’t completely eliminate the risk of rhabdo, we can make lifestyle changes that reduce it:


  • Learn the warning signs. Keep an eye out for warning signs of rhabdo — especially alcoholic rhabdomyolysis symptoms. Remember, you may not experience dark urine, weakness, and muscle pain all at once, but any one of these is cause for medical attention.

  • Take it easy. Overexertion causes most cases of rhabdo — especially if we’re jumping into heavy, prolonged physical activity after a long break. Be mindful of this and consider setting limits on exercise or hard labor whenever possible. Your health comes first!

  • Hydrate. Drinking enough water is crucial for rhabdo prevention. The average woman needs 2.7 liters of fluid each day, while men need a full liter more (3.7). You also may want to stay away from caffeine, alcohol, and other dehydrating substances.

  • Stay cool. Heat exposure drastically increases our chances of developing rhabdomyolysis. If you must stay outside in high temperatures, take breaks, stick to the shade, and head indoors from time to time. Know your limits and take care of yourself!

  • Rule out health conditions. Discovering what’s behind your rhabdo can help you fend off future flare-ups. Have a conversation with your primary care physician after receiving treatment for muscle damage. They can order diagnostic tests to identify any underlying conditions that predispose you to rhabdomyolysis, such as autoimmune myositis.

  • Eat well (and consistently). Fresh fruits and veggies provide the antioxidant boost we need to keep rhabdo at bay. Eat well and avoid long periods of fasting, especially before strenuous workouts or long days in the heat.

  • Abstain from alcohol. At best, drinking may counteract the efforts you’ve made to repair your muscles post-rhabdo. At worst, it can trigger another episode or contribute to lasting organ damage. Consider cutting back on booze (or cutting it out entirely) — especially if you have alcohol rhabdomyolysis.

Any small change you make in the right direction will help you avoid rhabdo and improve your overall health.

How Long After Rhabdo Can I Drink Alcohol?

Rhabdomyolysis and alcohol don’t mix, but can you drink at all after rhabdo? If so, how long should you wait? Is it okay to drink during treatment? Below is a quick reference guide answering the question, “How long after rhabdo can I drink alcohol?”


  • If you currently have rhabdo: If you’re in the middle of treatment for rhabdo, do not drink any alcohol at all. Drinking puts a ton of additional stress on your internal organs, including your kidneys, which are currently doing their best to recover from rhabdomyolysis. Alcohol also contributes to dehydration, which can prolong your symptoms and counteract the fluid therapy you’re currently receiving.

  • If your rhabdo has resolved and was not caused by alcohol: Talk to your medical team if you’re hoping to have a few cocktails post-treatment. Their recommendation should take priority over any advice you see online. They’ll probably ask you to wait anywhere from several weeks to a few months for your kidney function and muscles to return to normal. Once your doctor has given you the okay, you may begin slowly reincorporating alcohol into your life. Just make sure you have the go-ahead, and don’t go overboard! Moderating your intake is a good idea to prevent future episodes.

  • If your rhabdo has resolved and was caused by alcohol: If your doctor determined that you had alcohol-induced rhabdomyolysis, they may advise you to quit drinking (or at least drink less). They can offer you resources and support for navigating this major lifestyle shift. If your provider says it’s all right to drink in moderation, consider tracking your alcohol intake with Reframe. If they ask you to quit entirely, Reframe can help you do that, too.


Abstaining from alcohol entirely is the safest option, but your doctor will have the best recommendations for your particular case. 

Avoid Alcohol Rhabdomyolysis

The connection between alcohol and rhabdomyolysis is complex. Drinking contributes to muscle damage and weakens our immune system — a recipe for rhabdo recurrence. Our best bet is to enjoy some non-alcoholic alternatives while putting our well-being first.

If you start developing health conditions due to drinking, you may want to reevaluate your relationship with alcohol. Reframe offers a framework to help you do just that. Our one-of-a-kind app provides daily inspiration and valuable information, whether you’re quitting or cutting back. You can also enjoy peer support in our 24/7 Forum or regular Zoom meetings. We’re with you every step of the way. Visit the App Store or Google Play today for more information.

Alcohol and Health
2024-04-22 9:00
Alcohol and Health
Alcoholic Myopathy: Signs, Causes, and Treatment
This is some text inside of a div block.

Did you know that alcohol is just as harmful to the muscles as it is to the liver? Learn all about alcoholic myopathy and how it’s treated in our latest blog!

18 min read

Ready To Move on to a New Relationship With Alcohol? Reframe Can Help!

Although it isn’t a treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), the Reframe app can help you cut back on drinking gradually with the science-backed knowledge to empower you 100% of the way. Our proven program has helped millions of people around the world drink less and live more. And we want to help you get there, too!

The Reframe app equips you with the knowledge and skills you need to not only survive drinking less, but to thrive while you navigate the journey. Our daily research-backed readings teach you the neuroscience of alcohol, and our in-app Toolkit provides the resources and activities you need to navigate each challenge.

You’ll meet millions of fellow Reframers in our 24/7 Forum chat and daily Zoom check-in meetings. Receive encouragement from people worldwide who know exactly what you’re going through! You’ll also have the opportunity to connect with our licensed Reframe coaches for more personalized guidance.

Plus, we’re always introducing new features to optimize your in-app experience. We recently launched our in-app chatbot, Melody, powered by the world’s most powerful AI technology. Melody is here to help as you adjust to a life with less (or no) alcohol. 

And that’s not all! Every month, we launch fun challenges, like Dry/Damp January, Mental Health May, and Outdoorsy June. You won’t want to miss out on the chance to participate alongside fellow Reframers (or solo if that’s more your thing!).

The Reframe app is free for 7 days, so you don’t have anything to lose by trying it. Are you ready to feel empowered and discover life beyond alcohol? Then download our app through the App Store or Google Play today! 

Read Full Article  →

We all know those muscle aches we wake up with the morning after we finish a long hike, try a new kickboxing workout, or stretch our limbs in a new yoga routine. But maybe you’ve experienced this effect after a night of drinking. What gives? Was there a set of jumping jacks (or 10, or 20) you forgot you did between rounds of Trivia Night? Or did a night out on the town magically serve as an equivalent of a trip to the gym?

Turns out, booze itself might be the culprit. Alcohol can induce a condition known as alcoholic myopathy, an uncomfortable muscle condition. How does alcohol cause muscle weakness? What’s the connection between alcohol, muscle wasting, and muscle weakness after drinking? And why do alcoholics have skinny legs? Let’s learn what those sore muscles after drinking are all about — and what we can do about it!

What Is Myopathy?

A man holding his neck in discomfort

Derived from the Greek “myo” (muscle) and “pathy” (suffering), the term myopathy describes various types of muscle disease. What’s behind this “muscle suffering?” It could have a number of different causes, but the result is that the structure, metabolism, or function of our skeletal muscles is affected to the point of interfering with our daily life.

Myopathy can be chronic or acute. Symptoms can range from mildly unpleasant to downright debilitating:

  • Muscle cramps
  • Spasms
  • Muscle stiffness
  • Decreased muscle mass

The causes can vary, but generally fall into two categories: inherited and acquired.

Inherited vs. Acquired Myopathy

Inherited myopathy includes congenital myopathies (in which all muscles are usually affected), those caused by mitochondrial deficiencies, metabolic myopathies (caused by faulty metabolic processes that deplete the muscles of resources they need to function) and muscular dystrophies (progressive degeneration of muscles).

Acquired myopathies, on the other hand, have a number of possible causes ranging from autoimmune or inflammatory diseases to endocrine issues, electrolyte imbalances, illness, and — yes — toxins, such as alcohol.

Early detection is key! A healthcare professional can help pinpoint the root of the problem and make an accurate diagnosis. In the case of alcoholic myopathy, we can do a great deal of prevention before we even get to the point of symptoms.

All About Alcoholic Myopathy

So what does alcohol have to do with it? Can it really affect our muscles? Science says yes! While the mechanism isn’t very well understood, the connection between muscle weakness, alcohol, muscle atrophy, and muscle pain is well-documented and can lead to serious problems if left unaddressed.

How common is alcoholic myopathy? According to an Alcohol Research article, as many as 40 to 60% of people diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD) will develop alcoholic myopathy. While the liver gets the most airtime when it comes to the negative effects of alcohol on the body, muscle disease is actually about 5 times more common.

Alcoholic Myopathy Signs and Symptoms

Alcoholic myopathy can be acute (arising after a heavy binge) or chronic (building up over time). Here are the signs of each:

  • Acute alcoholic myopathy: Our muscles might swell and feel tender. We might experience unusually intense muscle aches after drinking that feel a lot different than everyday aches and pains. Cramping, dark urine, and (in severe cases) kidney failure are also a possibility (and should never be ignored).
  • Chronic alcoholic myopathy: Chronic alcoholic myopathy signs and symptoms creep up in more subtle ways. It might be painless, showing up as muscle atrophy — the so-called “alcoholic’s skinny legs.” Symptoms can also include tightness or twitching after drinking alcohol for a long period of time.

The Science Behind Alcoholic Myopathy

There are three main ways in which alcohol messes with our muscles:

  1. Nutritional deficiencies. This cause is especially common in heavy drinkers. Booze is notorious for sapping our bodies of much-needed nutrients, and our muscles can suffer as a result. For one thing, we might not be eating enough protein, which serves as the building material for muscle fibers. Moreover, chronic malnutrition often leaves us deficient in many micronutrients, such as folate, thiamine, vitamin B6, zinc, iron, and vitamin D. (The last in particular has been associated with alcoholic myopathy).
  2. Protein synthesis disruption. Alcohol misuse is known to put a damper on protein synthesis — and scientists have figured out exactly why. Alcohol affects a group of proteins called mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which act as production crew in charge of integrating signals necessary for protein synthesis. Those signals come from anabolic hormones, nutrients, and myokines.

    In addition to messing with mTOR, alcohol decreases insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and disrupts the dynamics of the SMAD family of transcription factors involved in muscle generation. All this to say, alcohol slows (and can prevent) muscle growth, no matter how much we work out.
  3. Protein degeneration. To make matters worse, alcohol also leads to protein degeneration by interfering with two molecular systems — the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP) and the autophagic–lysosomal system. The result? A double-whammy, as far as muscles concerned.

While these three are the main mechanisms behind alcoholic myopathy, booze contributes in other ways as well. Its tendency to cause inflammation can make matters worse. It can also cause oxidative stress (a process that contributes to tissue damage), mitochondrial dysfunction (glitches in the ways muscle cells use energy), and epigenetic changes that tweak the cellular processes supporting muscle function.

Finally, alcohol can also make it more difficult to bounce back from tissue injuries — not just because of its effects on muscle growth, but by causing dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.

Risk Factors for Alcoholic Myopathy

How long does alcoholic myopathy take to develop? It depends. For some of us, the symptoms start cropping up sooner rather than later. However, there are a few factors that tend to make chronic alcoholic myopathy in particular more likely to show up.

  • Liver cirrhosis. Scientists have found a strong correlation between liver cirrhosis and alcoholic myopathy. Once alcohol has taken a toll on our liver, it tends to cause muscle degeneration as well, contributing to chronic alcoholic myopathy in particular.
  • Lifetime alcohol consumption. The total amount of alcohol we put in our bodies has a cumulative effect, so the longer we spend drinking excessively, the higher the chances that our muscles will suffer the consequences.
  • Certain medical conditions. Health conditions that broadly affect our body (for example, diabetes or chronic infection related to HIV) can speed up the process of alcoholic myopathy.
  • Inactivity. It goes without saying that being inactive makes it harder for our muscles to thrive. Add alcohol to the mix, and things can go downhill quickly.
  • Age. Unfortunately, as we age, we tend to lose muscle mass. Alcohol speeds up aging and accelerates the process of age-related muscle degeneration.
  • Gender. While men are about four times as likely to end up with acute alcoholic myopathy, women are more likely to develop the chronic kind.

Diagnosis and Treatment: Pathways to Recovery

Now for the big question, can alcoholic myopathy be reversed? Yes, it can (Phew!). If we go easy on the booze, our muscles have a chance to recover. There are several strategies doctors use to give our muscles a helping hand.

  • Quit or cut back on alcohol. This one shouldn’t come as a surprise — putting a stop on alcohol misuse gets right to the root of the problem.
  • Therapies to boost muscle synthesis. Some therapies boost the process of muscle synthesis, mainly by targeting certain molecules (such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)) that speed up our natural muscle regeneration processes.
  • Therapies to curb muscle degradation. On the flip side, some methods start from the other end and try to put a stop to muscle degradation by tweaking the molecular pathways involved.
  • Exercise and flexibility training. Last but not least, exercise can boost our muscles’ regenerative power, leading to improved recovery. Aerobic exercise, as well as resistance training, has been shown to help.

Tips for the Journey

So what can you do to give your muscles (and the rest of your body and mind) a breather when it comes to alcohol? Here are a few tips:

  1. Track your drinking. Start by becoming a “scientist” of your own drinking habits. When do you usually drink? On the couch with friends? At a bar on Thursday night while watching a sports game? Out on the town with the usual suspects on a Saturday night? There’s no judgment here — just start by gathering information to get an idea of what your patterns are.
  2. Find your “why.” Changing your habits can be tricky (especially at first) and having a reason to change can provide that much-needed boost of motivation. If you’re struggling with alcoholic myopathy, focus on what you’ll be able to do once your muscles have a chance to recover. Maybe it’s going for a run or a hike, maybe it’s trying a new workout routine, or maybe it’s simply going about your day with ease and comfort. Focusing on these perks will help you get there!
  3. Decide on a limit. Set a limit ahead of time and try to stick to it. Writing it down, setting a reminder on your phone, or telling an accountability buddy can help!
  4. Take days off. Schedule booze-free days and try to stick to your plan. Your muscles will thank you in the morning!
  5. Find joy in movement. Find a form of exercise you enjoy and make it a habit. If going to the gym isn’t your thing — no problem! These days, all you need is a yoga mat (or any non-slippery surface that has some cushioning to it) and an internet connection. Try any of the free exercise routines on YouTube, where you can find anything from simple yoga sequences to cardio kickboxing, HIIT workouts, or fun dance workouts. Popsugar Fitness is a great one to start with if you want a little bit of everything. Fitness Blender is very helpful as well, and is created by professional physical therapists.
  6. Talk to a physical therapist or doctor. Speaking of physical therapists, they can be a lifeline when it comes to correcting any muscle issues before they get worse through targeted routines and bodywork. But if you’re feeling like alcohol has taken a real toll on your overall health and might require medical help, don’t hesitate to talk to your doctor about it. They can help direct you to any treatment you might need (for your muscles or otherwise) to nip the problem in the bud before it progresses. You got this!

Summing Up

We rarely think about how much our muscles do for us every day until something goes wrong or doesn’t feel quite like it should. Let’s be proactive about our health — both when it comes to our muscles and in our journey to a happier, healthier version of ourselves. In the words of writer Haruki Murakami, “I move, therefore I am.” So let’s keep moving!

We all know those muscle aches we wake up with the morning after we finish a long hike, try a new kickboxing workout, or stretch our limbs in a new yoga routine. But maybe you’ve experienced this effect after a night of drinking. What gives? Was there a set of jumping jacks (or 10, or 20) you forgot you did between rounds of Trivia Night? Or did a night out on the town magically serve as an equivalent of a trip to the gym?

Turns out, booze itself might be the culprit. Alcohol can induce a condition known as alcoholic myopathy, an uncomfortable muscle condition. How does alcohol cause muscle weakness? What’s the connection between alcohol, muscle wasting, and muscle weakness after drinking? And why do alcoholics have skinny legs? Let’s learn what those sore muscles after drinking are all about — and what we can do about it!

What Is Myopathy?

A man holding his neck in discomfort

Derived from the Greek “myo” (muscle) and “pathy” (suffering), the term myopathy describes various types of muscle disease. What’s behind this “muscle suffering?” It could have a number of different causes, but the result is that the structure, metabolism, or function of our skeletal muscles is affected to the point of interfering with our daily life.

Myopathy can be chronic or acute. Symptoms can range from mildly unpleasant to downright debilitating:

  • Muscle cramps
  • Spasms
  • Muscle stiffness
  • Decreased muscle mass

The causes can vary, but generally fall into two categories: inherited and acquired.

Inherited vs. Acquired Myopathy

Inherited myopathy includes congenital myopathies (in which all muscles are usually affected), those caused by mitochondrial deficiencies, metabolic myopathies (caused by faulty metabolic processes that deplete the muscles of resources they need to function) and muscular dystrophies (progressive degeneration of muscles).

Acquired myopathies, on the other hand, have a number of possible causes ranging from autoimmune or inflammatory diseases to endocrine issues, electrolyte imbalances, illness, and — yes — toxins, such as alcohol.

Early detection is key! A healthcare professional can help pinpoint the root of the problem and make an accurate diagnosis. In the case of alcoholic myopathy, we can do a great deal of prevention before we even get to the point of symptoms.

All About Alcoholic Myopathy

So what does alcohol have to do with it? Can it really affect our muscles? Science says yes! While the mechanism isn’t very well understood, the connection between muscle weakness, alcohol, muscle atrophy, and muscle pain is well-documented and can lead to serious problems if left unaddressed.

How common is alcoholic myopathy? According to an Alcohol Research article, as many as 40 to 60% of people diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD) will develop alcoholic myopathy. While the liver gets the most airtime when it comes to the negative effects of alcohol on the body, muscle disease is actually about 5 times more common.

Alcoholic Myopathy Signs and Symptoms

Alcoholic myopathy can be acute (arising after a heavy binge) or chronic (building up over time). Here are the signs of each:

  • Acute alcoholic myopathy: Our muscles might swell and feel tender. We might experience unusually intense muscle aches after drinking that feel a lot different than everyday aches and pains. Cramping, dark urine, and (in severe cases) kidney failure are also a possibility (and should never be ignored).
  • Chronic alcoholic myopathy: Chronic alcoholic myopathy signs and symptoms creep up in more subtle ways. It might be painless, showing up as muscle atrophy — the so-called “alcoholic’s skinny legs.” Symptoms can also include tightness or twitching after drinking alcohol for a long period of time.

The Science Behind Alcoholic Myopathy

There are three main ways in which alcohol messes with our muscles:

  1. Nutritional deficiencies. This cause is especially common in heavy drinkers. Booze is notorious for sapping our bodies of much-needed nutrients, and our muscles can suffer as a result. For one thing, we might not be eating enough protein, which serves as the building material for muscle fibers. Moreover, chronic malnutrition often leaves us deficient in many micronutrients, such as folate, thiamine, vitamin B6, zinc, iron, and vitamin D. (The last in particular has been associated with alcoholic myopathy).
  2. Protein synthesis disruption. Alcohol misuse is known to put a damper on protein synthesis — and scientists have figured out exactly why. Alcohol affects a group of proteins called mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which act as production crew in charge of integrating signals necessary for protein synthesis. Those signals come from anabolic hormones, nutrients, and myokines.

    In addition to messing with mTOR, alcohol decreases insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and disrupts the dynamics of the SMAD family of transcription factors involved in muscle generation. All this to say, alcohol slows (and can prevent) muscle growth, no matter how much we work out.
  3. Protein degeneration. To make matters worse, alcohol also leads to protein degeneration by interfering with two molecular systems — the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP) and the autophagic–lysosomal system. The result? A double-whammy, as far as muscles concerned.

While these three are the main mechanisms behind alcoholic myopathy, booze contributes in other ways as well. Its tendency to cause inflammation can make matters worse. It can also cause oxidative stress (a process that contributes to tissue damage), mitochondrial dysfunction (glitches in the ways muscle cells use energy), and epigenetic changes that tweak the cellular processes supporting muscle function.

Finally, alcohol can also make it more difficult to bounce back from tissue injuries — not just because of its effects on muscle growth, but by causing dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.

Risk Factors for Alcoholic Myopathy

How long does alcoholic myopathy take to develop? It depends. For some of us, the symptoms start cropping up sooner rather than later. However, there are a few factors that tend to make chronic alcoholic myopathy in particular more likely to show up.

  • Liver cirrhosis. Scientists have found a strong correlation between liver cirrhosis and alcoholic myopathy. Once alcohol has taken a toll on our liver, it tends to cause muscle degeneration as well, contributing to chronic alcoholic myopathy in particular.
  • Lifetime alcohol consumption. The total amount of alcohol we put in our bodies has a cumulative effect, so the longer we spend drinking excessively, the higher the chances that our muscles will suffer the consequences.
  • Certain medical conditions. Health conditions that broadly affect our body (for example, diabetes or chronic infection related to HIV) can speed up the process of alcoholic myopathy.
  • Inactivity. It goes without saying that being inactive makes it harder for our muscles to thrive. Add alcohol to the mix, and things can go downhill quickly.
  • Age. Unfortunately, as we age, we tend to lose muscle mass. Alcohol speeds up aging and accelerates the process of age-related muscle degeneration.
  • Gender. While men are about four times as likely to end up with acute alcoholic myopathy, women are more likely to develop the chronic kind.

Diagnosis and Treatment: Pathways to Recovery

Now for the big question, can alcoholic myopathy be reversed? Yes, it can (Phew!). If we go easy on the booze, our muscles have a chance to recover. There are several strategies doctors use to give our muscles a helping hand.

  • Quit or cut back on alcohol. This one shouldn’t come as a surprise — putting a stop on alcohol misuse gets right to the root of the problem.
  • Therapies to boost muscle synthesis. Some therapies boost the process of muscle synthesis, mainly by targeting certain molecules (such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)) that speed up our natural muscle regeneration processes.
  • Therapies to curb muscle degradation. On the flip side, some methods start from the other end and try to put a stop to muscle degradation by tweaking the molecular pathways involved.
  • Exercise and flexibility training. Last but not least, exercise can boost our muscles’ regenerative power, leading to improved recovery. Aerobic exercise, as well as resistance training, has been shown to help.

Tips for the Journey

So what can you do to give your muscles (and the rest of your body and mind) a breather when it comes to alcohol? Here are a few tips:

  1. Track your drinking. Start by becoming a “scientist” of your own drinking habits. When do you usually drink? On the couch with friends? At a bar on Thursday night while watching a sports game? Out on the town with the usual suspects on a Saturday night? There’s no judgment here — just start by gathering information to get an idea of what your patterns are.
  2. Find your “why.” Changing your habits can be tricky (especially at first) and having a reason to change can provide that much-needed boost of motivation. If you’re struggling with alcoholic myopathy, focus on what you’ll be able to do once your muscles have a chance to recover. Maybe it’s going for a run or a hike, maybe it’s trying a new workout routine, or maybe it’s simply going about your day with ease and comfort. Focusing on these perks will help you get there!
  3. Decide on a limit. Set a limit ahead of time and try to stick to it. Writing it down, setting a reminder on your phone, or telling an accountability buddy can help!
  4. Take days off. Schedule booze-free days and try to stick to your plan. Your muscles will thank you in the morning!
  5. Find joy in movement. Find a form of exercise you enjoy and make it a habit. If going to the gym isn’t your thing — no problem! These days, all you need is a yoga mat (or any non-slippery surface that has some cushioning to it) and an internet connection. Try any of the free exercise routines on YouTube, where you can find anything from simple yoga sequences to cardio kickboxing, HIIT workouts, or fun dance workouts. Popsugar Fitness is a great one to start with if you want a little bit of everything. Fitness Blender is very helpful as well, and is created by professional physical therapists.
  6. Talk to a physical therapist or doctor. Speaking of physical therapists, they can be a lifeline when it comes to correcting any muscle issues before they get worse through targeted routines and bodywork. But if you’re feeling like alcohol has taken a real toll on your overall health and might require medical help, don’t hesitate to talk to your doctor about it. They can help direct you to any treatment you might need (for your muscles or otherwise) to nip the problem in the bud before it progresses. You got this!

Summing Up

We rarely think about how much our muscles do for us every day until something goes wrong or doesn’t feel quite like it should. Let’s be proactive about our health — both when it comes to our muscles and in our journey to a happier, healthier version of ourselves. In the words of writer Haruki Murakami, “I move, therefore I am.” So let’s keep moving!

Alcohol and Health
2024-04-22 9:00
Alcohol and Health
Alcohol and Esophageal Cancer: What Is the Relation and How Does It Happen?
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Worried about esophagus cancer and wondering if alcohol might be one of the causes? Learn about the science behind the link in our latest blog!

20 min read

Protect Your Health by Changing Your Relationship With Alcohol!

Although it isn’t a treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), the Reframe app can help you cut back on drinking gradually with the science-backed knowledge to empower you 100% of the way. Our proven program has helped millions of people around the world drink less and live more. And we want to help you get there, too!

The Reframe app equips you with the knowledge and skills you need to not only survive drinking less, but to thrive while you navigate the journey. Our daily research-backed readings teach you the neuroscience of alcohol, and our in-app Toolkit provides the resources and activities you need to navigate each challenge.

You’ll meet millions of fellow Reframers in our 24/7 Forum chat and daily Zoom check-in meetings. Receive encouragement from people worldwide who know exactly what you’re going through! You’ll also have the opportunity to connect with our licensed Reframe coaches for more personalized guidance.

Plus, we’re always introducing new features to optimize your in-app experience. We recently launched our in-app chatbot, Melody, powered by the world’s most powerful AI technology. Melody is here to help as you adjust to a life with less (or no) alcohol. 

And that’s not all! Every month, we launch fun challenges, like Dry/Damp January, Mental Health May, and Outdoorsy June. You won’t want to miss out on the chance to participate alongside fellow Reframers (or solo if that’s more your thing!).

The Reframe app is free for 7 days, so you don’t have anything to lose by trying it. Are you ready to feel empowered and discover life beyond alcohol? Then download our app through the App Store or Google Play today! 

Read Full Article  →

Many of us remember when Robert Kardashian — O.J. Simpson’s notorious lawyer and Kris Kardashian’s first husband — was diagnosed with esophagus cancer. It seemed to take hold with lightning speed, leaving him unable to talk and eat within weeks. Kardashian passed away only two months after his diagnosis, at age 59.

No matter what you might think of Robert Kardashian — or the whole Kardashian clan for that matter — we can agree that esophagus cancer is a serious, devastating problem. It is estimated that 22,370 new cases will be diagnosed and 16,130 lives will be lost to the disease in 2024. 

The good news is that esophageal cancer can be prevented by avoiding two of the main causes: smoking and alcohol use. How does alcohol affect the esophagus? And how can we protect ourselves from the risk? In this article, we will explore the connection between drinking and esophageal cancer and how we can minimize our risks.

What Is Esophageal Cancer?

A doctor examining a man

Esophageal cancer, or cancer of the esophagus, forms when cells in the lining of the esophagus begin to grow out of control. The esophagus, also known as the “food pipe,” allows everything we chew and swallow to slide down into our stomach to be digested. While esophagus cancer can start anywhere along this 10-13 inch-long tube, it falls into one of two basic types:

  • Squamous cell carcinoma. This type of esophagus cancer starts in the inner lining of the esophagus, known as the mucosa. At one point, it was the most common type of esophagus cancer in the U.S.; now, it makes up less than a third of the total.
  • Adenocarcinoma. This type of esophagus cancer is usually found in the lower third of the “food pipe” and starts in the mucus-making glands. A major risk factor is the so-called Barrett’s esophagus — a condition in which the inner lining gets damaged by stomach acid over time.

Though it originates in the esophagus, esophageal cancer can spread to other parts of the body in three ways: through body tissue, via the lymphatic system, and through blood. When a doctor makes a diagnosis, the rate at which the cancer has spread will be marked by “stage” numbers ranging from 1 to 4. The lower the number, the better the prognosis — in earlier stages, it might be possible to remove the cancer completely! 

What Are the Symptoms of Esophageal Cancer?

Because its symptoms often overlap with other diseases, esophageal cancer tends to sneak up on its victims. What seems like an innocent cough or bout of indigestion could be something more, especially if it persists and comes with other symptoms. Check with your doctor if you have any doubts! 

Here are some of the most common symptoms:

  • Pain or difficulty swallowing. Also known as dysphagia, this is the trademark symptom of esophageal cancer. It can feel like there’s something stuck in the back of our throat or chest and can even make us feel like we’re choking. This symptom tends to start out fairly mild, getting stronger over time. Unless there’s an obvious cause, it’s best to have it checked out if it persists. 
  • Weight loss. Esophagus cancer can make it harder to swallow, so people might change their diet without realizing it. Eating might take longer, bites tend to get smaller, and certain foods become too much trouble to deal with. At some point, solid foods might be difficult to tackle at all, causing people to switch to a liquid diet. Naturally, these changes might lead to unexpected, and possibly unhealthy, weight loss. 
  • Pain behind the breastbone. In addition to causing a sensation of a “burning throat,” cancer of the esophagus can cause persistent pain or discomfort in the middle of the chest. It can feel like pressure or burning, much like heartburn, but it doesn’t go away. 
  • Hoarseness and cough. A hoarse or husky voice might be a remnant of a lingering cold (or even something we’re born with!), but when it’s new or coupled with other symptoms, it’s important to check out the cause. 
  • Indigestion and heartburn. Persistent heartburn, especially when coupled with other symptoms, is also worth investigating.
  • Lumps under the skin. Occasionally, lumps can be felt or even seen from the outside, depending on the exact location.
  • Bleeding from the throat. One of the more severe signs — coughing up or throwing up blood — definitely warrants a closer look.

While some of these symptoms are a clear sign of a problem, others are more subtle and are not necessarily a sign that something is seriously wrong. However, it’s always best to err on the side of caution and have concerns checked out to catch any problems before they get worse (or just to put our minds at ease!).

Tips for Reducing Cancer Risk 

What Causes Esophageal Cancer?

The tissues of our digestive tract are sensitive, and many things can irritate them, damaging cells and causing potentially cancerous mutations over time. Here are a few common causes:

  • Tobacco use. This one’s major — smoking and other forms of tobacco are strong irritants and their use is a huge risk factor as far as esophagus cancer is concerned.
  • Heavy alcohol use. Drinking too much irritates the esophagus — among other effects, which we’ll discuss in a lot more detail later on!
  • Barrett’s esophagus. As previously mentioned, irritation to the esophagus lining known as Barrett’s esophagus can pose a risk.
  • Obesity. Obesity is another contributing factor.
  • Aging. As we get older, our bodies can lose the ability to fight off invaders — including malignant cells in our body — making us more vulnerable.

How Is Esophageal Cancer Diagnosed?

What happens if we go to the doctor and they suspect esophagus cancer? They will run several tests to make a diagnosis or rule it out:

  • Physical exam and health history overview. The doctor will perform a physical exam and go over previous illnesses and current lifestyle habits. They’ll want to know about our alcohol use and other substances, so it is important to be completely honest with them for the best course of treatment. 
  • Imaging tests. To get a closer look, a doctor might perform a chest x-ray with a barium swallow test. The thick barium liquid coats the esophagus, providing an image of what’s inside. Depending on the situation, they might also order a CT, MRI, or PET scan.
  • Endoscopy. If imaging shows something concerning, they might schedule an endoscopy to get an even better view. For this test, they use anesthesia to keep us asleep and comfortable while they send a tube with a camera down our throat.

  • Biopsy. If they find an abnormality during the endoscopy, they will take a small sample of cells from our esophagus to examine more closely in a lab. This is how they can ultimately and officially confirm or rule out cancer. 

All these tests can seem overwhelming, but your medical team won’t run any that aren’t necessary. Either way, it’s worth it to have peace of mind and, if necessary, early treatment. 

How Is Esophageal Cancer Treated?

Treatment for esophageal cancer depends on the stage (how much the cancer has spread), the size of the tumor, and whether or not the lymph nodes have been affected. While earlier stages can be treated and sometimes cured, the situation gets increasingly difficult in later stages. This is why it’s so important to get tested as soon as we suspect something is wrong.

Treatment usually involves a combination of radiation, chemotherapy, or surgery. Because these methods often come with some severe side effects of their own, we may need additional help maintaining proper nutrition. It’s a challenging time, but staying hopeful is crucial! Recovery is possible, and being in the right mindset is critical when it comes to giving ourselves the best possible chance. The body’s ability to heal is amazing, and we’re stronger than we think!

Now that we have an idea of what esophageal cancer is and how it’s treated, let’s take a closer look at one of its potential triggers — alcohol.

Alcohol and Esophagus Cancer: The Basics

Alcohol is a carcinogen, meaning it is a cancer-causing substance. It is responsible for many types of cancer, including liver cancer, breast cancer, head and neck cancer, colorectal cancer (or cancer in the colon and/or rectum), and, yes, esophageal cancer. 

The CDC makes it clear: “The less alcohol you drink, the lower your risk for cancer.” The type of alcohol doesn’t matter, either: “All alcoholic drinks, including red and white wine, beer, and liquor, are linked with cancer. The more you drink, the higher your cancer risk.”

How Does Alcohol Cause Cancer?

According to the WHO, as many as 4% of all cancers diagnosed around the world in 2020 could be linked to drinking. In the U.S., alcohol-related cancers add up to about 75,000 cases and claim up to 19,000 lives each year.

But what is it about alcohol that makes it carcinogenic? There are a few different mechanisms behind alcohol’s cancer-causing properties, but all of them come down to how alcohol interacts with the cells in our body. 

  • Metabolism. Our body treats alcohol like poison; as soon as it enters our system, the liver starts working to usher it out. That said, it can only do so much at a time — one standard drink (1 ounce of alcohol) per hour. The process of alcohol metabolism produces acetaldehyde —- a toxic compound that’s more dangerous than ethanol. While it eventually gets converted to harmless acetic acid, if we drink a lot, acetaldehyde can build up, damaging DNA and proteins.
  • Nutrition. With alcohol in the picture, the body puts other metabolic processes on hold. The result? We end up absorbing fewer of the vitamins and minerals that keep our body healthy and functioning well. Moreover, as we get more focused on booze, our diet often falls by the wayside, depriving us of cancer-fighting antioxidants found in foods like fruits and vegetables.
  • Hormones. This one is particularly relevant to breast cancer: alcohol increases the levels of estrogen in our blood, amping up the risk.
  • Oral microorganisms. As for esophageal cancer, oral microorganisms could be a contributing factor. One study found that the presence of acetaldehyde in the saliva could be the culprit, encouraging cell proliferation. Microbes present in the oral cavity, in turn, tend to boost the process.

Does Quitting or Cutting Back Change Our Cancer Risk?

So is it all doom and gloom, or is there something we can do to minimize our risk? The good news is that by staying away from booze, we are much less likely to develop esophagus cancer (assuming we don’t continue or pick up smoking and other risky habits). 

The process of getting to “low risk” status can take time, but it’s certainly worth it. One pooled analysis showed that after not drinking alcohol for 20 years, people who used to drink regularly had the same risk of esophageal cancer as those who never drank at all. That’s reassuring!

Alcohol-related risk of other cancers also decreases over time as we stop using or cut back on alcohol. Even if the cancer risk doesn’t vanish immediately, our body will begin to heal the moment we make a change. We can also look at it this way: while we can’t guarantee a life without illness if we quit or cut back on drinking, we can guarantee that our risk for cancer continues to rise by continuing to drink too much.

Tips for Reducing Cancer Risk 

Is there anything else we can do to minimize our risk of esophageal cancer? Absolutely! Some relatively small lifestyle modifications can work wonders when it comes to improving our chances of living a long, happy life:

  • Watch your intake. First and foremost, it’s important to take a close look at our habits around alcohol. Cut back on alcohol use and avoid binge drinking.
  • Nourish your body. Eat a healthy diet rich in whole grains, proteins, and healthy fats. Make sure you are getting the right vitamins and minerals. 
  • Consider cauliflower. Studies show that cruciferous vegetables in particular help lower esophagus cancer risk, so load up on cauliflower and cabbage!
  • Keep active. Exercise works wonders for reducing cancer risk, including esophageal cancer. As a bonus, the natural rush of feel-good chemicals will help keep cravings at bay.

Summing Up

Esophagus cancer is a heavy topic, but it’s encouraging to know there are ways to decrease our risk. Let’s thank our bodies for the incredible work they do by giving them the care they deserve! In the words of author Jess C. Scott, “The human body is the best work of art.” It’s never too late to give this work of art a bit of extra attention and love.

Many of us remember when Robert Kardashian — O.J. Simpson’s notorious lawyer and Kris Kardashian’s first husband — was diagnosed with esophagus cancer. It seemed to take hold with lightning speed, leaving him unable to talk and eat within weeks. Kardashian passed away only two months after his diagnosis, at age 59.

No matter what you might think of Robert Kardashian — or the whole Kardashian clan for that matter — we can agree that esophagus cancer is a serious, devastating problem. It is estimated that 22,370 new cases will be diagnosed and 16,130 lives will be lost to the disease in 2024. 

The good news is that esophageal cancer can be prevented by avoiding two of the main causes: smoking and alcohol use. How does alcohol affect the esophagus? And how can we protect ourselves from the risk? In this article, we will explore the connection between drinking and esophageal cancer and how we can minimize our risks.

What Is Esophageal Cancer?

A doctor examining a man

Esophageal cancer, or cancer of the esophagus, forms when cells in the lining of the esophagus begin to grow out of control. The esophagus, also known as the “food pipe,” allows everything we chew and swallow to slide down into our stomach to be digested. While esophagus cancer can start anywhere along this 10-13 inch-long tube, it falls into one of two basic types:

  • Squamous cell carcinoma. This type of esophagus cancer starts in the inner lining of the esophagus, known as the mucosa. At one point, it was the most common type of esophagus cancer in the U.S.; now, it makes up less than a third of the total.
  • Adenocarcinoma. This type of esophagus cancer is usually found in the lower third of the “food pipe” and starts in the mucus-making glands. A major risk factor is the so-called Barrett’s esophagus — a condition in which the inner lining gets damaged by stomach acid over time.

Though it originates in the esophagus, esophageal cancer can spread to other parts of the body in three ways: through body tissue, via the lymphatic system, and through blood. When a doctor makes a diagnosis, the rate at which the cancer has spread will be marked by “stage” numbers ranging from 1 to 4. The lower the number, the better the prognosis — in earlier stages, it might be possible to remove the cancer completely! 

What Are the Symptoms of Esophageal Cancer?

Because its symptoms often overlap with other diseases, esophageal cancer tends to sneak up on its victims. What seems like an innocent cough or bout of indigestion could be something more, especially if it persists and comes with other symptoms. Check with your doctor if you have any doubts! 

Here are some of the most common symptoms:

  • Pain or difficulty swallowing. Also known as dysphagia, this is the trademark symptom of esophageal cancer. It can feel like there’s something stuck in the back of our throat or chest and can even make us feel like we’re choking. This symptom tends to start out fairly mild, getting stronger over time. Unless there’s an obvious cause, it’s best to have it checked out if it persists. 
  • Weight loss. Esophagus cancer can make it harder to swallow, so people might change their diet without realizing it. Eating might take longer, bites tend to get smaller, and certain foods become too much trouble to deal with. At some point, solid foods might be difficult to tackle at all, causing people to switch to a liquid diet. Naturally, these changes might lead to unexpected, and possibly unhealthy, weight loss. 
  • Pain behind the breastbone. In addition to causing a sensation of a “burning throat,” cancer of the esophagus can cause persistent pain or discomfort in the middle of the chest. It can feel like pressure or burning, much like heartburn, but it doesn’t go away. 
  • Hoarseness and cough. A hoarse or husky voice might be a remnant of a lingering cold (or even something we’re born with!), but when it’s new or coupled with other symptoms, it’s important to check out the cause. 
  • Indigestion and heartburn. Persistent heartburn, especially when coupled with other symptoms, is also worth investigating.
  • Lumps under the skin. Occasionally, lumps can be felt or even seen from the outside, depending on the exact location.
  • Bleeding from the throat. One of the more severe signs — coughing up or throwing up blood — definitely warrants a closer look.

While some of these symptoms are a clear sign of a problem, others are more subtle and are not necessarily a sign that something is seriously wrong. However, it’s always best to err on the side of caution and have concerns checked out to catch any problems before they get worse (or just to put our minds at ease!).

Tips for Reducing Cancer Risk 

What Causes Esophageal Cancer?

The tissues of our digestive tract are sensitive, and many things can irritate them, damaging cells and causing potentially cancerous mutations over time. Here are a few common causes:

  • Tobacco use. This one’s major — smoking and other forms of tobacco are strong irritants and their use is a huge risk factor as far as esophagus cancer is concerned.
  • Heavy alcohol use. Drinking too much irritates the esophagus — among other effects, which we’ll discuss in a lot more detail later on!
  • Barrett’s esophagus. As previously mentioned, irritation to the esophagus lining known as Barrett’s esophagus can pose a risk.
  • Obesity. Obesity is another contributing factor.
  • Aging. As we get older, our bodies can lose the ability to fight off invaders — including malignant cells in our body — making us more vulnerable.

How Is Esophageal Cancer Diagnosed?

What happens if we go to the doctor and they suspect esophagus cancer? They will run several tests to make a diagnosis or rule it out:

  • Physical exam and health history overview. The doctor will perform a physical exam and go over previous illnesses and current lifestyle habits. They’ll want to know about our alcohol use and other substances, so it is important to be completely honest with them for the best course of treatment. 
  • Imaging tests. To get a closer look, a doctor might perform a chest x-ray with a barium swallow test. The thick barium liquid coats the esophagus, providing an image of what’s inside. Depending on the situation, they might also order a CT, MRI, or PET scan.
  • Endoscopy. If imaging shows something concerning, they might schedule an endoscopy to get an even better view. For this test, they use anesthesia to keep us asleep and comfortable while they send a tube with a camera down our throat.

  • Biopsy. If they find an abnormality during the endoscopy, they will take a small sample of cells from our esophagus to examine more closely in a lab. This is how they can ultimately and officially confirm or rule out cancer. 

All these tests can seem overwhelming, but your medical team won’t run any that aren’t necessary. Either way, it’s worth it to have peace of mind and, if necessary, early treatment. 

How Is Esophageal Cancer Treated?

Treatment for esophageal cancer depends on the stage (how much the cancer has spread), the size of the tumor, and whether or not the lymph nodes have been affected. While earlier stages can be treated and sometimes cured, the situation gets increasingly difficult in later stages. This is why it’s so important to get tested as soon as we suspect something is wrong.

Treatment usually involves a combination of radiation, chemotherapy, or surgery. Because these methods often come with some severe side effects of their own, we may need additional help maintaining proper nutrition. It’s a challenging time, but staying hopeful is crucial! Recovery is possible, and being in the right mindset is critical when it comes to giving ourselves the best possible chance. The body’s ability to heal is amazing, and we’re stronger than we think!

Now that we have an idea of what esophageal cancer is and how it’s treated, let’s take a closer look at one of its potential triggers — alcohol.

Alcohol and Esophagus Cancer: The Basics

Alcohol is a carcinogen, meaning it is a cancer-causing substance. It is responsible for many types of cancer, including liver cancer, breast cancer, head and neck cancer, colorectal cancer (or cancer in the colon and/or rectum), and, yes, esophageal cancer. 

The CDC makes it clear: “The less alcohol you drink, the lower your risk for cancer.” The type of alcohol doesn’t matter, either: “All alcoholic drinks, including red and white wine, beer, and liquor, are linked with cancer. The more you drink, the higher your cancer risk.”

How Does Alcohol Cause Cancer?

According to the WHO, as many as 4% of all cancers diagnosed around the world in 2020 could be linked to drinking. In the U.S., alcohol-related cancers add up to about 75,000 cases and claim up to 19,000 lives each year.

But what is it about alcohol that makes it carcinogenic? There are a few different mechanisms behind alcohol’s cancer-causing properties, but all of them come down to how alcohol interacts with the cells in our body. 

  • Metabolism. Our body treats alcohol like poison; as soon as it enters our system, the liver starts working to usher it out. That said, it can only do so much at a time — one standard drink (1 ounce of alcohol) per hour. The process of alcohol metabolism produces acetaldehyde —- a toxic compound that’s more dangerous than ethanol. While it eventually gets converted to harmless acetic acid, if we drink a lot, acetaldehyde can build up, damaging DNA and proteins.
  • Nutrition. With alcohol in the picture, the body puts other metabolic processes on hold. The result? We end up absorbing fewer of the vitamins and minerals that keep our body healthy and functioning well. Moreover, as we get more focused on booze, our diet often falls by the wayside, depriving us of cancer-fighting antioxidants found in foods like fruits and vegetables.
  • Hormones. This one is particularly relevant to breast cancer: alcohol increases the levels of estrogen in our blood, amping up the risk.
  • Oral microorganisms. As for esophageal cancer, oral microorganisms could be a contributing factor. One study found that the presence of acetaldehyde in the saliva could be the culprit, encouraging cell proliferation. Microbes present in the oral cavity, in turn, tend to boost the process.

Does Quitting or Cutting Back Change Our Cancer Risk?

So is it all doom and gloom, or is there something we can do to minimize our risk? The good news is that by staying away from booze, we are much less likely to develop esophagus cancer (assuming we don’t continue or pick up smoking and other risky habits). 

The process of getting to “low risk” status can take time, but it’s certainly worth it. One pooled analysis showed that after not drinking alcohol for 20 years, people who used to drink regularly had the same risk of esophageal cancer as those who never drank at all. That’s reassuring!

Alcohol-related risk of other cancers also decreases over time as we stop using or cut back on alcohol. Even if the cancer risk doesn’t vanish immediately, our body will begin to heal the moment we make a change. We can also look at it this way: while we can’t guarantee a life without illness if we quit or cut back on drinking, we can guarantee that our risk for cancer continues to rise by continuing to drink too much.

Tips for Reducing Cancer Risk 

Is there anything else we can do to minimize our risk of esophageal cancer? Absolutely! Some relatively small lifestyle modifications can work wonders when it comes to improving our chances of living a long, happy life:

  • Watch your intake. First and foremost, it’s important to take a close look at our habits around alcohol. Cut back on alcohol use and avoid binge drinking.
  • Nourish your body. Eat a healthy diet rich in whole grains, proteins, and healthy fats. Make sure you are getting the right vitamins and minerals. 
  • Consider cauliflower. Studies show that cruciferous vegetables in particular help lower esophagus cancer risk, so load up on cauliflower and cabbage!
  • Keep active. Exercise works wonders for reducing cancer risk, including esophageal cancer. As a bonus, the natural rush of feel-good chemicals will help keep cravings at bay.

Summing Up

Esophagus cancer is a heavy topic, but it’s encouraging to know there are ways to decrease our risk. Let’s thank our bodies for the incredible work they do by giving them the care they deserve! In the words of author Jess C. Scott, “The human body is the best work of art.” It’s never too late to give this work of art a bit of extra attention and love.

Alcohol and Health
2024-04-20 9:00
Alcohol and Health
Does Alcohol Dehydrate You? The Truth & 5 Tips
This is some text inside of a div block.

Alcohol dehydrates us by contributing to fluid loss. Hydrating with water before, during, and after drinking alcohol is important to avoid potential harmful side effects.

18 min read

Drink Less and Thrive With Reframe!

Although it isn’t a treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), the Reframe app can help you cut back on drinking gradually with the science-backed knowledge to empower you 100% of the way. Our proven program has helped millions of people around the world drink less and live more. And we want to help you get there, too!

The Reframe app equips you with the knowledge and skills you need to not only survive drinking less, but to thrive while you navigate the journey. Our daily research-backed readings teach you the neuroscience of alcohol, and our in-app Toolkit provides the resources and activities you need to navigate each challenge.

You’ll meet millions of fellow Reframers in our 24/7 Forum chat and daily Zoom check-in meetings. Receive encouragement from people worldwide who know exactly what you’re going through! You’ll also have the opportunity to connect with our licensed Reframe coaches for more personalized guidance.

Plus, we’re always introducing new features to optimize your in-app experience. We recently launched our in-app chatbot, Melody, powered by the world’s most powerful AI technology. Melody is here to help as you adjust to a life with less (or no) alcohol. 

And that’s not all! Every month, we launch fun challenges, like Dry/Damp January, Mental Health May, and Outdoorsy June. You won’t want to miss out on the chance to participate alongside fellow Reframers (or solo if that’s more your thing!).

The Reframe app is free for 7 days, so you don’t have anything to lose by trying it. Are you ready to feel empowered and discover life beyond alcohol? Then download our app through the App Store or Google Play today! 

Read Full Article  →

Feeling groggy? Does it seem like no matter how much water you drink, you’re still thirsty? These are signs of dehydration. Does alcohol make you dehydrated? There are many things that can make you dehydrated, but alcohol is a notorious one! 

Let’s delve deeper into the science behind dehydration, how alcohol dehydrates us, and ways we can treat and avoid excessive dehydration from alcohol.

Dehydration Basics

a man lying in bed with a bottle of wine

Our body requires water and fluids to maintain normal functions. Dehydration is when we lose more fluids than we take in. Water and other fluids in our body are important for regulating body temperature, keeping our tissues (such as eyes, nose, and mouth) moist, protecting organs and tissues, carrying nutrients and oxygen to cells, and dissolving minerals and nutrients to make them accessible to our body. When we get dehydrated, our body is unable to regulate these important functions, putting us at risk of various health complications. 

We can become dehydrated from simply not drinking enough water. Whether we’re too busy and forget to drink water, have a lack of access to safe water, or we don’t have enough water while traveling, hiking, or camping, there are many reasons we might not be getting enough H2O throughout our day. However, these are not the only reasons our body loses fluids. Let’s look at some other ways we may lose electrolytes or fluids from our body:

  • Fever. When we have a fever, our body tries to lower our temperature by losing fluids through our skin. Sometimes the fever causes us to sweat, and if we aren’t feeling well we might not drink enough water to replenish those lost fluids. 
  • Excessive sweating. When we sweat, we lose fluids and electrolytes from our skin to help us cool off. Doing hot yoga, playing soccer on a hot day, or even basking outside in hot, humid weather can lead to us sweating out more fluids than we take in. 
  • Urination. Urination is a way our body releases toxins. Some health conditions can increase our urine output and how many times a day we go. This excessive urination contributes to dehydration. 
  • Diarrhea and vomiting. Illnesses or conditions that cause diarrhea or vomiting can result in dehydration. Diarrhea and vomiting result in too much water being expelled from our body, resulting in loss of fluids and electrolytes. 

No matter the cause of our dehydration, it’s important for us to replenish our fluids as soon as possible. Being dehydrated can lead to some serious consequences, which we’ll investigate further.

Health Risks From Dehydration

When our body lacks fluids, it can lead to many health risks. First, let’s take a look at some basic signs and symptoms of dehydration. 

  • Headache
  • Lightheadedness or dizziness
  • Decreased urination
  • Dark yellow or amber colored urine
  • Dry mouth or dryness in other mucous membranes (lips, gums, nostrils) 
  • Decreased skin elasticity
  • Extreme thirst 
  • Tiredness 

If we notice these symptoms, we should increase our fluid intake. But what happens if our dehydration goes untreated for a long period of time? Well, it can get pretty serious. Let’s take a look at some health consequences caused by severe dehydration: 

  • Heat injury. If we don’t have enough fluids in our body, we will not be able to sweat properly. Sweating allows us to maintain a healthy body temperature, so when our perspiration is lacking, it can lead to heat-related illnesses such as heat cramps, heat exhaustion, or heat stroke. 
  • Swelling of the brain. Swelling in the brain is referred to as cerebral edema. Edemas occur when there is too much fluid trapped in the body’s tissue, and a cerebral edema is when fluid builds up in our brain tissue. A cerebral edema can occur as a side effect of not rehydrating carefully after being dehydrated, and the body may pull too much fluid back into our brain cells at once. 
  • Seizures. Electrolytes are minerals in our body that carry an electrical charge. Electrolytes are important for cell-to-cell communication, especially in our brain. When we get dehydrated, our electrolytes become imbalanced, and the normal electrical messages can become mixed up and lead to seizures. 
  • Kidney failure. Dehydration can lead to a buildup of wastes and toxins in the body. The kidneys remove toxins from our body, but if we’re dehydrated for a long period of time, these toxins can build up and clog the kidneys. 
  • Coma and death. Severe dehydration is fatal if left untreated, as our body needs fluids to maintain all its bodily functions. As the body becomes more severely dehydrated, the kidneys begin to shut down, eventually affecting other organs including the brain, which can lead to a coma in severe cases.

Severe and lasting dehydration is extremely dangerous and usually requires medical treatment, whereas most cases of mild or moderate dehydration can be resolved by drinking more fluids. But what about alcohol dehydration?

Factors Influencing Dehydration From Alcohol

Alcohol and Dehydration

Alcohol can lead to dehydration, but why does alcohol dehydrate you? There are several ways alcohol can dehydrate us. When we drink alcohol, it gets absorbed into our bloodstream through our stomach but mostly through our small intestines. From there, the alcohol is processed by enzymes in the liver. As the liver breaks down the alcohol, it is converted into a substance called acetaldehyde, which can be toxic in high doses. Our liver quickly works to break down acetaldehyde into acetate. According to science, about 90% of alcohol is eliminated by our liver, but 2-5% of alcohol leaves our body through urine, sweat, or breath. And since alcohol increases our heart rate, it makes us sweat more, which accelerates how fast we become dehydrated.

Since alcohol travels through the bloodstream, it can travel to other areas of our body including the pituitary gland in our brain. The pituitary gland is responsible for regulating our growth, metabolism, and reproduction by creating and regulating hormones. When alcohol reaches the pituitary gland, it blocks the creation of vasopressin, which is known as the antidiuretic hormone or the hormone that helps us retain fluid in our body. Blocking this antidiuretic hormone causes fluids to pass directly through the kidneys to our bladder, which is why we have to pee way more while drinking alcohol. This effect is why alcohol is often thought of as a diuretic

Additional ways we can become dehydrated after drinking include vomiting from the alcohol, losing fluids and developing an electrolyte imbalance, and not drinking enough water before or after consuming alcohol. Dehydration is also a common effect of hangovers, and for a more in-depth look, check out our blog: “The Science Behind Hangovers: Why They Last as Long as They Do.”

Signs of Dehydration After Drinking Alcohol

So, we’ve been drinking and are not sure if we’re dehydrated or not. Let’s find out by checking out some of the most common signs of alcohol dehydration:

  • We’re thirsty, even after drinking water.
  • Our mouth and lips are dry.
  • Our urine is a darker color than normal.
  • We don’t need to urinate as often as we normally do (this usually happens the day after).
  • Our head is throbbing or pounding. 
  • We feel tired or lethargic. 
  • We feel dizzy or lightheaded.
  • Our skin feels dry or lacks elasticity.
  • Our heart might be beating faster.
  • We throw up or feel nauseous.

If we’re experiencing any of these after excessive alcohol consumption, we could have alcohol dehydration, which can result in serious health consequences.

Factors Influencing Dehydration From Alcohol

We know alcohol can make us dehydrated, but not everyone gets dehydrated at the same rate. Let’s go through some reasons why dehydration from alcohol may impact different people differently. 

  • Alcohol content and quantity. The more alcohol we drink, the more dehydrated we will likely get. Alcoholic beverages with higher alcohol content such as liquor tend to dehydrate us more than lighter beverages. 
  • Rate of consumption. On average, our body processes about one drink (one beer, one glass of wine, or one shot of liquor) every hour. The faster we drink alcohol, the more we can overwhelm our body, making it harder to process the alcohol as quickly. Binge drinking or consuming multiple drinks in a short amount of time can lead to worse dehydration. 
  • Food intake. Eating food alongside alcohol can slow the absorption of alcohol into the bloodstream, which may help reduce dehydration. Eating foods with a high water content such as fruits and vegetables can also reduce alcohol dehydration.
  • Environmental factors. Drinking alcohol on a hot, humid day can exacerbate our dehydration. The heat can make us sweat more and cause additional fluid loss.
  • Medication and health conditions. If we’re taking diuretic medication, this can compound the diuretic effect of alcohol and lead to more significant fluid loss. Some health conditions such as Crohn’s disease or uncontrolled diabetes can make us lose fluids at a greater rate and can contribute to more fluid loss while drinking. 

All these factors contribute to the severity of dehydration we get after drinking alcohol. So what can we do about it?

What To Do if You’re Dehydrated From Alcohol

We’ve had a night out, and the next morning we wake up and aren’t feeling well. How should we combat our alcohol dehydration? Let’s review some ways we can rehydrate and feel better. 

  • Eat. Eating in general can help us, but eating foods rich in fluids such as fruits and vegetables will help hydrate us again. A smoothie can be a great way to get extra fluids and nutrients we need. 
  • Drink electrolyte-infused beverages. After drinking, our body loses fluids and electrolytes. Having a drink such as Pedialyte or Liquid IV can help replenish electrolytes and hydrate us at the same time. 
  • Avoid more alcohol. We should avoid drinking alcohol until we rehydrate our body and start feeling better. If we have more alcohol, it will make our dehydration worse. 
  • Exercise lightly. Light exercise can boost our metabolism and help our body get rid of the alcohol more quickly. 
  • Drink water. One of the best ways to rehydrate after drinking is to simply drink water! 

It’s important to rehydrate properly after drinking alcohol. This will allow us to recover and feel better for the day. 

Preventing Dehydration From Drinking

Although we can’t fully prevent dehydration that accompanies drinking alcohol, we can take steps to help our body process the alcohol and lessen the effects of dehydration. Let’s review some things we can do before drinking alcohol to prevent severe dehydration. 

  • Eat before drinking. 
  • Drink water throughout the day and while drinking.
  • Drink slowly.
  • Drink in moderation.
  • If you are having a mixed drink, choose something that will not further contribute to dehydration. Drinks high in sugar or caffeine can exacerbate dehydration. 

Following these tips can help prevent our dehydration from becoming extreme after drinking.

Key Takeaways

Alcohol dehydrates us through its diuretic effect and contributes to fluid loss through sweating or vomiting. Extreme dehydration for a long period of time can be extremely damaging to our body and can even be fatal. Be sure to stay hydrated throughout the day, and if we’re going to be drinking alcohol, be sure to include water whenever possible.

Feeling groggy? Does it seem like no matter how much water you drink, you’re still thirsty? These are signs of dehydration. Does alcohol make you dehydrated? There are many things that can make you dehydrated, but alcohol is a notorious one! 

Let’s delve deeper into the science behind dehydration, how alcohol dehydrates us, and ways we can treat and avoid excessive dehydration from alcohol.

Dehydration Basics

a man lying in bed with a bottle of wine

Our body requires water and fluids to maintain normal functions. Dehydration is when we lose more fluids than we take in. Water and other fluids in our body are important for regulating body temperature, keeping our tissues (such as eyes, nose, and mouth) moist, protecting organs and tissues, carrying nutrients and oxygen to cells, and dissolving minerals and nutrients to make them accessible to our body. When we get dehydrated, our body is unable to regulate these important functions, putting us at risk of various health complications. 

We can become dehydrated from simply not drinking enough water. Whether we’re too busy and forget to drink water, have a lack of access to safe water, or we don’t have enough water while traveling, hiking, or camping, there are many reasons we might not be getting enough H2O throughout our day. However, these are not the only reasons our body loses fluids. Let’s look at some other ways we may lose electrolytes or fluids from our body:

  • Fever. When we have a fever, our body tries to lower our temperature by losing fluids through our skin. Sometimes the fever causes us to sweat, and if we aren’t feeling well we might not drink enough water to replenish those lost fluids. 
  • Excessive sweating. When we sweat, we lose fluids and electrolytes from our skin to help us cool off. Doing hot yoga, playing soccer on a hot day, or even basking outside in hot, humid weather can lead to us sweating out more fluids than we take in. 
  • Urination. Urination is a way our body releases toxins. Some health conditions can increase our urine output and how many times a day we go. This excessive urination contributes to dehydration. 
  • Diarrhea and vomiting. Illnesses or conditions that cause diarrhea or vomiting can result in dehydration. Diarrhea and vomiting result in too much water being expelled from our body, resulting in loss of fluids and electrolytes. 

No matter the cause of our dehydration, it’s important for us to replenish our fluids as soon as possible. Being dehydrated can lead to some serious consequences, which we’ll investigate further.

Health Risks From Dehydration

When our body lacks fluids, it can lead to many health risks. First, let’s take a look at some basic signs and symptoms of dehydration. 

  • Headache
  • Lightheadedness or dizziness
  • Decreased urination
  • Dark yellow or amber colored urine
  • Dry mouth or dryness in other mucous membranes (lips, gums, nostrils) 
  • Decreased skin elasticity
  • Extreme thirst 
  • Tiredness 

If we notice these symptoms, we should increase our fluid intake. But what happens if our dehydration goes untreated for a long period of time? Well, it can get pretty serious. Let’s take a look at some health consequences caused by severe dehydration: 

  • Heat injury. If we don’t have enough fluids in our body, we will not be able to sweat properly. Sweating allows us to maintain a healthy body temperature, so when our perspiration is lacking, it can lead to heat-related illnesses such as heat cramps, heat exhaustion, or heat stroke. 
  • Swelling of the brain. Swelling in the brain is referred to as cerebral edema. Edemas occur when there is too much fluid trapped in the body’s tissue, and a cerebral edema is when fluid builds up in our brain tissue. A cerebral edema can occur as a side effect of not rehydrating carefully after being dehydrated, and the body may pull too much fluid back into our brain cells at once. 
  • Seizures. Electrolytes are minerals in our body that carry an electrical charge. Electrolytes are important for cell-to-cell communication, especially in our brain. When we get dehydrated, our electrolytes become imbalanced, and the normal electrical messages can become mixed up and lead to seizures. 
  • Kidney failure. Dehydration can lead to a buildup of wastes and toxins in the body. The kidneys remove toxins from our body, but if we’re dehydrated for a long period of time, these toxins can build up and clog the kidneys. 
  • Coma and death. Severe dehydration is fatal if left untreated, as our body needs fluids to maintain all its bodily functions. As the body becomes more severely dehydrated, the kidneys begin to shut down, eventually affecting other organs including the brain, which can lead to a coma in severe cases.

Severe and lasting dehydration is extremely dangerous and usually requires medical treatment, whereas most cases of mild or moderate dehydration can be resolved by drinking more fluids. But what about alcohol dehydration?

Factors Influencing Dehydration From Alcohol

Alcohol and Dehydration

Alcohol can lead to dehydration, but why does alcohol dehydrate you? There are several ways alcohol can dehydrate us. When we drink alcohol, it gets absorbed into our bloodstream through our stomach but mostly through our small intestines. From there, the alcohol is processed by enzymes in the liver. As the liver breaks down the alcohol, it is converted into a substance called acetaldehyde, which can be toxic in high doses. Our liver quickly works to break down acetaldehyde into acetate. According to science, about 90% of alcohol is eliminated by our liver, but 2-5% of alcohol leaves our body through urine, sweat, or breath. And since alcohol increases our heart rate, it makes us sweat more, which accelerates how fast we become dehydrated.

Since alcohol travels through the bloodstream, it can travel to other areas of our body including the pituitary gland in our brain. The pituitary gland is responsible for regulating our growth, metabolism, and reproduction by creating and regulating hormones. When alcohol reaches the pituitary gland, it blocks the creation of vasopressin, which is known as the antidiuretic hormone or the hormone that helps us retain fluid in our body. Blocking this antidiuretic hormone causes fluids to pass directly through the kidneys to our bladder, which is why we have to pee way more while drinking alcohol. This effect is why alcohol is often thought of as a diuretic

Additional ways we can become dehydrated after drinking include vomiting from the alcohol, losing fluids and developing an electrolyte imbalance, and not drinking enough water before or after consuming alcohol. Dehydration is also a common effect of hangovers, and for a more in-depth look, check out our blog: “The Science Behind Hangovers: Why They Last as Long as They Do.”

Signs of Dehydration After Drinking Alcohol

So, we’ve been drinking and are not sure if we’re dehydrated or not. Let’s find out by checking out some of the most common signs of alcohol dehydration:

  • We’re thirsty, even after drinking water.
  • Our mouth and lips are dry.
  • Our urine is a darker color than normal.
  • We don’t need to urinate as often as we normally do (this usually happens the day after).
  • Our head is throbbing or pounding. 
  • We feel tired or lethargic. 
  • We feel dizzy or lightheaded.
  • Our skin feels dry or lacks elasticity.
  • Our heart might be beating faster.
  • We throw up or feel nauseous.

If we’re experiencing any of these after excessive alcohol consumption, we could have alcohol dehydration, which can result in serious health consequences.

Factors Influencing Dehydration From Alcohol

We know alcohol can make us dehydrated, but not everyone gets dehydrated at the same rate. Let’s go through some reasons why dehydration from alcohol may impact different people differently. 

  • Alcohol content and quantity. The more alcohol we drink, the more dehydrated we will likely get. Alcoholic beverages with higher alcohol content such as liquor tend to dehydrate us more than lighter beverages. 
  • Rate of consumption. On average, our body processes about one drink (one beer, one glass of wine, or one shot of liquor) every hour. The faster we drink alcohol, the more we can overwhelm our body, making it harder to process the alcohol as quickly. Binge drinking or consuming multiple drinks in a short amount of time can lead to worse dehydration. 
  • Food intake. Eating food alongside alcohol can slow the absorption of alcohol into the bloodstream, which may help reduce dehydration. Eating foods with a high water content such as fruits and vegetables can also reduce alcohol dehydration.
  • Environmental factors. Drinking alcohol on a hot, humid day can exacerbate our dehydration. The heat can make us sweat more and cause additional fluid loss.
  • Medication and health conditions. If we’re taking diuretic medication, this can compound the diuretic effect of alcohol and lead to more significant fluid loss. Some health conditions such as Crohn’s disease or uncontrolled diabetes can make us lose fluids at a greater rate and can contribute to more fluid loss while drinking. 

All these factors contribute to the severity of dehydration we get after drinking alcohol. So what can we do about it?

What To Do if You’re Dehydrated From Alcohol

We’ve had a night out, and the next morning we wake up and aren’t feeling well. How should we combat our alcohol dehydration? Let’s review some ways we can rehydrate and feel better. 

  • Eat. Eating in general can help us, but eating foods rich in fluids such as fruits and vegetables will help hydrate us again. A smoothie can be a great way to get extra fluids and nutrients we need. 
  • Drink electrolyte-infused beverages. After drinking, our body loses fluids and electrolytes. Having a drink such as Pedialyte or Liquid IV can help replenish electrolytes and hydrate us at the same time. 
  • Avoid more alcohol. We should avoid drinking alcohol until we rehydrate our body and start feeling better. If we have more alcohol, it will make our dehydration worse. 
  • Exercise lightly. Light exercise can boost our metabolism and help our body get rid of the alcohol more quickly. 
  • Drink water. One of the best ways to rehydrate after drinking is to simply drink water! 

It’s important to rehydrate properly after drinking alcohol. This will allow us to recover and feel better for the day. 

Preventing Dehydration From Drinking

Although we can’t fully prevent dehydration that accompanies drinking alcohol, we can take steps to help our body process the alcohol and lessen the effects of dehydration. Let’s review some things we can do before drinking alcohol to prevent severe dehydration. 

  • Eat before drinking. 
  • Drink water throughout the day and while drinking.
  • Drink slowly.
  • Drink in moderation.
  • If you are having a mixed drink, choose something that will not further contribute to dehydration. Drinks high in sugar or caffeine can exacerbate dehydration. 

Following these tips can help prevent our dehydration from becoming extreme after drinking.

Key Takeaways

Alcohol dehydrates us through its diuretic effect and contributes to fluid loss through sweating or vomiting. Extreme dehydration for a long period of time can be extremely damaging to our body and can even be fatal. Be sure to stay hydrated throughout the day, and if we’re going to be drinking alcohol, be sure to include water whenever possible.

Alcohol and Health
2024-04-20 9:00
Alcohol and Health
Why Ambien and Alcohol Don’t Mix
This is some text inside of a div block.

Discover why Ambien and alcohol don’t mix, the bad side effects of Ambien, and whether this drug is addictive. We’re answering all your sleep med questions on today’s blog.

18 min read

Rest Easy — Reframe Your Relationship With Alcohol

Although it isn’t a treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), the Reframe app can help you cut back on drinking gradually with the science-backed knowledge to empower you 100% of the way. Our proven program has helped millions of people around the world drink less and live more. And we want to help you get there, too!

The Reframe app equips you with the knowledge and skills you need to not only survive drinking less, but to thrive while you navigate the journey. Our daily research-backed readings teach you the neuroscience of alcohol, and our in-app Toolkit provides the resources and activities you need to navigate each challenge.

You’ll meet millions of fellow Reframers in our 24/7 Forum chat and daily Zoom check-in meetings. Receive encouragement from people worldwide who know exactly what you’re going through! You’ll also have the opportunity to connect with our licensed Reframe coaches for more personalized guidance.

Plus, we’re always introducing new features to optimize your in-app experience. We recently launched our in-app chatbot, Melody, powered by the world’s most powerful AI technology. Melody is here to help as you adjust to a life with less (or no) alcohol. 

And that’s not all! Every month, we launch fun challenges, like Dry/Damp January, Mental Health May, and Outdoorsy June. You won’t want to miss out on the chance to participate alongside fellow Reframers (or solo if that’s more your thing!).

The Reframe app is free for 7 days, so you don’t have anything to lose by trying it. Are you ready to feel empowered and discover life beyond alcohol? Then download our app through the App Store or Google Play today! 

Read Full Article  →

After yet another night of tossing and turning, you decide to ask your doctor about medications for insomnia. You’ve only heard of one — Ambien — but you’re not sure whether it’s a good fit for your symptoms. It seems like a pretty serious drug; can you even drink while taking it?

No, you can’t mix alcohol and Ambien. Why not?

Today, we’re exploring the dangerous combination of taking Ambien with alcohol. We’ll also answer your frequently asked questions about this sleep med, including “Is Ambien addictive?” and “Can you take Ambien every night?”

Ambien Explained

a man lying on a bed with a pill in his hand

Ambien, available under the generic name zolpidem, is a prescription drug used to treat insomnia — difficulty falling or staying asleep — in adults. It’s part of a drug class called “sedative-hypnotics,” which includes most sleeping pills and tranquilizers.

Ambien works by activating a neurotransmitter called GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid, for our fellow neuroscience fans), which inhibits neuronal behaviors responsible for insomnia. It’s so strong that most of us will be out like a light within 30 minutes of taking it.

Despite that efficacy, zolpidem isn’t prescribed much these days. There are three reasons that Ambien has fallen from popularity: its harsh side effects, addictive potential, and severe interactions with substances like alcohol.

Side Effects of Ambien

Like any medication, Ambien is associated with side effects. While some issues may only manifest when starting the drug or upping our dose, we should talk to our doctor about those that don’t improve over time. The following are considered common complications of zolpidem:

  • Drowsiness
  • Headache
  • Nausea
  • Dizziness
  • Feeling lightheaded or “drugged”
  • Motor side effects: stumbling or struggling to balance
  • Gastrointestinal side effects like constipation, gas, or diarrhea
  • Tingling, shaking, or numbness in our arms, hands, legs, or feet
  • Strange, vivid dreams

Doctors classify certain side effects as severe; if we experience any of these, we should immediately seek medical attention:

  • Signs of an allergic reaction (hives, itching, swelling, rash)
  • Shortness of breath
  • Yellowed skin or eyes (jaundice)
  • Chest pain
  • Delusions (thinking things that aren’t true)
  • Memory loss
  • Hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren’t there)
  • Vision changes including blurred vision
  • Vomiting
  • Pounding heartbeat

When people talk about the bad side effects of Ambien, they’re usually talking about the dangerous sleep behaviors associated with this drug. While under the influence of zolpidem, some patients have gotten out of bed and driven their cars, sleepwalked, prepared food, or initiated sex with their partners. They were fully unaware the entire time. Upon waking, they could not remember doing any of it. If we learn that we have engaged in any activity while taking Ambien, we should discontinue the medication and contact our doctor immediately.

Is Ambien Addictive?

While Ambien is technically less habit-forming than benzodiazepines (Valium and Xanax, to name a few), it still has a high addictive potential. Our body becomes accustomed to the neurochemical changes associated with the drug, which means that we might develop a tolerance for zolpidem and need more of it to achieve the same effect.

We may also experience withdrawal symptoms like irritability, rebound insomnia, anxiety, and even seizures when we skip a dose. This occurs because the brain expects Ambien-induced neurochemical activity every night. When that doesn’t happen, our brain kicks into high gear in an attempt to reach equilibrium.

At the same time, we begin to associate Ambien with sleep and may doubt our ability to get a good night’s rest on our own. Some people take more of the drug than recommended or ask their doctor to continue prescribing it. Over time, this combination of physical and psychological dependence can develop into a full-blown addiction.

Can You Take Ambien Every Night?

So, is it safe to take 5mg of Ambien every night? What about 10mg?

We can take Ambien every night for the duration of our treatment, which should not exceed six weeks. Most of us will only receive prescriptions lasting between a few days and four weeks. This is because the FDA specifically cautions providers that long-term administration of this drug is not recommended, and “treatment should be as short as possible.”

To put it more directly: we may take Ambien every night while it is prescribed to us, but we probably won’t be on it for very long. Part of the reason for the FDA’s warning is the risk of dependence (as outlined above). Another deterrent is Ambien’s strong interaction with other central nervous system (CNS) depressants like alcohol.

Alcohol and Ambien: A Dangerous Mixture

Both Ambien and alcohol are CNS depressants, which means they slow down our brain’s activity. When combined, the depressant effects of both the drug and the drink are doubled, which impairs us further and makes us vulnerable to life-threatening health problems.

For example, combining alcohol and Ambien can cause severe levels of sedation, cognitive impairment, and worsened motor functioning. This makes us more likely to fall, accidentally injure ourselves, or make poor decisions with lasting consequences.

However, there’s a much bigger risk of mixing these substances. Together, Ambien and alcohol may cause respiratory depression. This is the medical term for slow, shallow breathing that causes carbon dioxide to build up in our blood and reduces the amount of oxygen that can reach our lungs. We may not realize anything is wrong and think we’re just falling asleep. Our loved ones might observe symptoms like labored breathing, blue skin, nausea, headache, and fatigue. Respiratory depression is a leading cause of fatal overdoses.

Practicing Safe Habits When Using Ambien

Stay Safe While Taking Ambien

If your doctor has prescribed Ambien, they have determined that the benefits of this drug outweigh the downsides associated with it. By following their advice and the medication guidelines, we can stay safe while taking zolpidem. There are a few best practices we can follow while on this medication:

  • Take Ambien exactly as prescribed. Never take more than the recommended dose, even on a particularly hard night. It’s always best to contact our medical team with questions about dosage and efficacy.

  • Don’t take risks. Activities like driving or cooking with sharp objects require a lot of mental alertness. They can also quickly go wrong if we’re not careful! Never drive or handle dangerous objects after taking a sedative.

  • Stay on schedule. A consistent sleep schedule can help us maximize Ambien’s effectiveness, improve our sleep quality, and create a routine that works for our needs.

  • Store it safely. Keep prescription medications in a cool, dry place according to package instructions while also ensuring they remain out of the reach of children or pets.

  • Report serious side effects. It’s important to stay open with our medical team about any issues we have after starting Ambien. If we experience persistent or severe side effects, or if our loved ones have noticed us engaging in activities while under the influence of this medication, we should immediately reach out to our doctor.

  • Avoid alcohol. Finally, steer clear of alcoholic beverages while taking zolpidem. Combining Ambien and alcohol places us at risk of respiratory depression, which may be life-threatening.

Before starting any new prescription drug regimen, it’s a good idea to do some research about the way your meds can interact with substances like alcohol. 

When Can You Safely Take Ambien After Drinking?

Because of the risks inherent in mixing these two substances, it’s best to abstain entirely from alcohol while taking Ambien.

If we must imbibe, it’s crucial to wait for alcohol to completely leave our system before taking this sedative-hypnotic medication. How long that process takes depends on our weight, gender, and what we drink.  

While the internet is full of estimates — for example, it generally takes an hour for the average person to metabolize a standard drink versus 14 to 17 hours to clear Ambien from their system — it’s best to talk to our doctor instead of guessing when it’ll be safe to take sleeping pills after drinking. The risks are too great to leave it up to chance.

Most medical professionals will assure us that it’s never a good idea to combine Ambien and alcohol. If we’ve been prescribed this drug and drink often, we should discuss our alcohol intake with our primary care provider and come up with a new plan moving forward. After all, there are plenty of substitutes for zolpidem.

Alternatives for the Always-Awake

Ambien isn’t the only option for those of us struggling with insomnia. To improve our sleep quality without taking zolpidem, let’s consider other medications, herbal remedies, supplements, and behavioral changes.

Other Prescriptions

First, we can talk to our doctor about prescription alternatives to Ambien. Sleep aids like Lunesta (eszopiclone), Sonata (zaleplon), and Vistaril (hydroxyzine) are popular options. These medications use different methods of action and may better meet our needs. Depending on our experience with Ambien or concerns about the drug, our provider might choose to prescribe one of these substitutes instead of zolpidem.

Herbal Remedies and Supplements

We may also want to explore the wide variety of herbs and supplements on the market. Many of us have probably taken melatonin to help with insomnia, which is a hormone available in the form of pills or teas. If that hasn’t worked in the past, we can consider valerian root, chamomile, lavender, green tea, and magnesium, which are all recommended for those struggling to sleep.

Lifestyle Changes

Finally, behavioral changes can make a massive difference in our insomnia. Establishing a consistent bedtime and practicing mindfulness are two easy ways to prime ourselves for a good night’s rest. We can also cut back on caffeine, naps, and screen time, which all disrupt our sleep-wake cycle. Incorporating regular exercise into our routine can also contribute to some well-timed, much-needed exhaustion.

Slumber, Not Spirits

Now we know that mixing Ambien and alcohol is a bad idea — in fact, drinking while on this drug can be life-threatening. Because both substances are CNS depressants, we may be more likely to experience side effects like dizziness, falling, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and respiratory depression when we combine them. In short, drinking on Ambien is never worth the risk.

Fortunately, there are plenty of ways to address sleep disorders without Ambien. Alcohol may play a role in our insomnia. If we’re looking for relief from sleepless nights, we may want to start by reevaluating our relationship with alcohol. Drinking disrupts our sleep-wake cycle, which increases our risk of issues like insomnia.

If you’d like to quit or cut back, Reframe offers science-backed readings and community support that can kickstart your journey to recovery. To learn more, visit the App Store or Google Play today!

After yet another night of tossing and turning, you decide to ask your doctor about medications for insomnia. You’ve only heard of one — Ambien — but you’re not sure whether it’s a good fit for your symptoms. It seems like a pretty serious drug; can you even drink while taking it?

No, you can’t mix alcohol and Ambien. Why not?

Today, we’re exploring the dangerous combination of taking Ambien with alcohol. We’ll also answer your frequently asked questions about this sleep med, including “Is Ambien addictive?” and “Can you take Ambien every night?”

Ambien Explained

a man lying on a bed with a pill in his hand

Ambien, available under the generic name zolpidem, is a prescription drug used to treat insomnia — difficulty falling or staying asleep — in adults. It’s part of a drug class called “sedative-hypnotics,” which includes most sleeping pills and tranquilizers.

Ambien works by activating a neurotransmitter called GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid, for our fellow neuroscience fans), which inhibits neuronal behaviors responsible for insomnia. It’s so strong that most of us will be out like a light within 30 minutes of taking it.

Despite that efficacy, zolpidem isn’t prescribed much these days. There are three reasons that Ambien has fallen from popularity: its harsh side effects, addictive potential, and severe interactions with substances like alcohol.

Side Effects of Ambien

Like any medication, Ambien is associated with side effects. While some issues may only manifest when starting the drug or upping our dose, we should talk to our doctor about those that don’t improve over time. The following are considered common complications of zolpidem:

  • Drowsiness
  • Headache
  • Nausea
  • Dizziness
  • Feeling lightheaded or “drugged”
  • Motor side effects: stumbling or struggling to balance
  • Gastrointestinal side effects like constipation, gas, or diarrhea
  • Tingling, shaking, or numbness in our arms, hands, legs, or feet
  • Strange, vivid dreams

Doctors classify certain side effects as severe; if we experience any of these, we should immediately seek medical attention:

  • Signs of an allergic reaction (hives, itching, swelling, rash)
  • Shortness of breath
  • Yellowed skin or eyes (jaundice)
  • Chest pain
  • Delusions (thinking things that aren’t true)
  • Memory loss
  • Hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren’t there)
  • Vision changes including blurred vision
  • Vomiting
  • Pounding heartbeat

When people talk about the bad side effects of Ambien, they’re usually talking about the dangerous sleep behaviors associated with this drug. While under the influence of zolpidem, some patients have gotten out of bed and driven their cars, sleepwalked, prepared food, or initiated sex with their partners. They were fully unaware the entire time. Upon waking, they could not remember doing any of it. If we learn that we have engaged in any activity while taking Ambien, we should discontinue the medication and contact our doctor immediately.

Is Ambien Addictive?

While Ambien is technically less habit-forming than benzodiazepines (Valium and Xanax, to name a few), it still has a high addictive potential. Our body becomes accustomed to the neurochemical changes associated with the drug, which means that we might develop a tolerance for zolpidem and need more of it to achieve the same effect.

We may also experience withdrawal symptoms like irritability, rebound insomnia, anxiety, and even seizures when we skip a dose. This occurs because the brain expects Ambien-induced neurochemical activity every night. When that doesn’t happen, our brain kicks into high gear in an attempt to reach equilibrium.

At the same time, we begin to associate Ambien with sleep and may doubt our ability to get a good night’s rest on our own. Some people take more of the drug than recommended or ask their doctor to continue prescribing it. Over time, this combination of physical and psychological dependence can develop into a full-blown addiction.

Can You Take Ambien Every Night?

So, is it safe to take 5mg of Ambien every night? What about 10mg?

We can take Ambien every night for the duration of our treatment, which should not exceed six weeks. Most of us will only receive prescriptions lasting between a few days and four weeks. This is because the FDA specifically cautions providers that long-term administration of this drug is not recommended, and “treatment should be as short as possible.”

To put it more directly: we may take Ambien every night while it is prescribed to us, but we probably won’t be on it for very long. Part of the reason for the FDA’s warning is the risk of dependence (as outlined above). Another deterrent is Ambien’s strong interaction with other central nervous system (CNS) depressants like alcohol.

Alcohol and Ambien: A Dangerous Mixture

Both Ambien and alcohol are CNS depressants, which means they slow down our brain’s activity. When combined, the depressant effects of both the drug and the drink are doubled, which impairs us further and makes us vulnerable to life-threatening health problems.

For example, combining alcohol and Ambien can cause severe levels of sedation, cognitive impairment, and worsened motor functioning. This makes us more likely to fall, accidentally injure ourselves, or make poor decisions with lasting consequences.

However, there’s a much bigger risk of mixing these substances. Together, Ambien and alcohol may cause respiratory depression. This is the medical term for slow, shallow breathing that causes carbon dioxide to build up in our blood and reduces the amount of oxygen that can reach our lungs. We may not realize anything is wrong and think we’re just falling asleep. Our loved ones might observe symptoms like labored breathing, blue skin, nausea, headache, and fatigue. Respiratory depression is a leading cause of fatal overdoses.

Practicing Safe Habits When Using Ambien

Stay Safe While Taking Ambien

If your doctor has prescribed Ambien, they have determined that the benefits of this drug outweigh the downsides associated with it. By following their advice and the medication guidelines, we can stay safe while taking zolpidem. There are a few best practices we can follow while on this medication:

  • Take Ambien exactly as prescribed. Never take more than the recommended dose, even on a particularly hard night. It’s always best to contact our medical team with questions about dosage and efficacy.

  • Don’t take risks. Activities like driving or cooking with sharp objects require a lot of mental alertness. They can also quickly go wrong if we’re not careful! Never drive or handle dangerous objects after taking a sedative.

  • Stay on schedule. A consistent sleep schedule can help us maximize Ambien’s effectiveness, improve our sleep quality, and create a routine that works for our needs.

  • Store it safely. Keep prescription medications in a cool, dry place according to package instructions while also ensuring they remain out of the reach of children or pets.

  • Report serious side effects. It’s important to stay open with our medical team about any issues we have after starting Ambien. If we experience persistent or severe side effects, or if our loved ones have noticed us engaging in activities while under the influence of this medication, we should immediately reach out to our doctor.

  • Avoid alcohol. Finally, steer clear of alcoholic beverages while taking zolpidem. Combining Ambien and alcohol places us at risk of respiratory depression, which may be life-threatening.

Before starting any new prescription drug regimen, it’s a good idea to do some research about the way your meds can interact with substances like alcohol. 

When Can You Safely Take Ambien After Drinking?

Because of the risks inherent in mixing these two substances, it’s best to abstain entirely from alcohol while taking Ambien.

If we must imbibe, it’s crucial to wait for alcohol to completely leave our system before taking this sedative-hypnotic medication. How long that process takes depends on our weight, gender, and what we drink.  

While the internet is full of estimates — for example, it generally takes an hour for the average person to metabolize a standard drink versus 14 to 17 hours to clear Ambien from their system — it’s best to talk to our doctor instead of guessing when it’ll be safe to take sleeping pills after drinking. The risks are too great to leave it up to chance.

Most medical professionals will assure us that it’s never a good idea to combine Ambien and alcohol. If we’ve been prescribed this drug and drink often, we should discuss our alcohol intake with our primary care provider and come up with a new plan moving forward. After all, there are plenty of substitutes for zolpidem.

Alternatives for the Always-Awake

Ambien isn’t the only option for those of us struggling with insomnia. To improve our sleep quality without taking zolpidem, let’s consider other medications, herbal remedies, supplements, and behavioral changes.

Other Prescriptions

First, we can talk to our doctor about prescription alternatives to Ambien. Sleep aids like Lunesta (eszopiclone), Sonata (zaleplon), and Vistaril (hydroxyzine) are popular options. These medications use different methods of action and may better meet our needs. Depending on our experience with Ambien or concerns about the drug, our provider might choose to prescribe one of these substitutes instead of zolpidem.

Herbal Remedies and Supplements

We may also want to explore the wide variety of herbs and supplements on the market. Many of us have probably taken melatonin to help with insomnia, which is a hormone available in the form of pills or teas. If that hasn’t worked in the past, we can consider valerian root, chamomile, lavender, green tea, and magnesium, which are all recommended for those struggling to sleep.

Lifestyle Changes

Finally, behavioral changes can make a massive difference in our insomnia. Establishing a consistent bedtime and practicing mindfulness are two easy ways to prime ourselves for a good night’s rest. We can also cut back on caffeine, naps, and screen time, which all disrupt our sleep-wake cycle. Incorporating regular exercise into our routine can also contribute to some well-timed, much-needed exhaustion.

Slumber, Not Spirits

Now we know that mixing Ambien and alcohol is a bad idea — in fact, drinking while on this drug can be life-threatening. Because both substances are CNS depressants, we may be more likely to experience side effects like dizziness, falling, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and respiratory depression when we combine them. In short, drinking on Ambien is never worth the risk.

Fortunately, there are plenty of ways to address sleep disorders without Ambien. Alcohol may play a role in our insomnia. If we’re looking for relief from sleepless nights, we may want to start by reevaluating our relationship with alcohol. Drinking disrupts our sleep-wake cycle, which increases our risk of issues like insomnia.

If you’d like to quit or cut back, Reframe offers science-backed readings and community support that can kickstart your journey to recovery. To learn more, visit the App Store or Google Play today!

Alcohol and Health
2024-04-17 9:00
Alcohol and Health
How Does Long COVID Affect Alcohol Intolerance and Hangovers?
This is some text inside of a div block.

Recent studies report a connection between Long COVID and alcohol intolerance and hangovers. Learn more about how they may be interconnected in our latest blog.

18 min read

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Since the COVID-19 pandemic started, we’ve been wishing for it to go away. Although developments have been made to lessen the detrimental effects the virus has on our health, long COVID continues to impact us in multifarious ways.

New research has suggested that long COVID may be linked to changes in alcohol tolerance and hangover symptoms. Could a lingering virus be the unsuspecting cause of alcohol intolerance and hangovers? Let’s take a closer look at the science that may help explain this phenomenon.

What Is Long COVID?

A man and woman sitting on a couch

Long COVID is a condition marked by long-term symptoms and conditions that occur after the acute two-week period of a COVID-19 infection. The condition is more common in those of us who have had a severe COVID-19 infection or are not vaccinated. However, long COVID may affect anyone. Long COVID symptoms can be ongoing or intermittent and can go on for weeks, months, or years. 

Long COVID Symptoms 

Symptoms vary greatly and continue to be recorded and researched. Due to the wide variation in experiences, symptoms are broken down into smaller categories:

  • General. Common feelings of illness such as fatigue, post-exertion malaise, and fever may occur.
  • Respiratory. Long COVID sufferers report difficulty breathing, lingering cough, chest pain, and heart palpitations.
  • Neurological. Neurological symptoms vary from headache, brain fog, sleep disturbances, dizziness, and pins and needles to depression and anxiety or changes in smell or taste.
  • Digestive. Diarrhea, nausea, and stomach pain are common gastrointestinal symptoms.
  • Other experiences. Other commonly reported experiences include joint/muscle pain, rashes, and changes in our menstrual cycle. Other long COVID symptoms can be difficult to explain but are similar to those with myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) or chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).

Long COVID is associated with a wide range of symptoms; could it also affect our drinking experience?

The Connection Between Alcohol and Long COVID-19

Alcohol has acute and long-term effects on our health, which can directly intersect with COVID-19. While causes of long COVID remain inconclusive, Harvard researchers have found that lifestyle influences could affect the risk of developing long COVID. One of these influences is (drumroll, please) alcohol, but that street can go both ways. 

Research done on post-COVID syndrome notes that poor mental health resulting from disabling post-COVID symptoms could lead to alcohol dependence. This suggests a reciprocal relationship between COVID and alcohol. On one hand, drinking alcohol could increase the risk of developing long COVID. Similarly, long COVID could prompt increased consumption of alcohol — creating a toxic cycle with serious impacts on our health.

In addition to an increased risk of developing long COVID and substance dependence, recent developments suggest a more surprising link between alcohol and long COVID. Anecdotal reports record a sudden onset of alcohol sensitivity and worse hangovers in long COVID patients. Could the virus be the cause?

Does Long COVID Cause Alcohol Intolerance?

Unfortunately, there isn’t a yes or no answer. Long COVID isn’t listed as a definitive cause of alcohol intolerance, although patients have reported symptoms indicative of intolerance. While more research is still needed, at least one peer-reviewed study concluded that long COVID has a causal link to increased alcohol intolerance.

The findings were limited to four patients who were treated at Stanford’s Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS) Clinic. Through these case studies, the researchers concluded that long COVID has similar overlapping symptoms with myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME)/chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Similar mechanisms that cause intolerance in ME/CFS are used to explain experiences of long COVID:

  • Orthostatic intolerance (OI) and autonomic dysfunction. OI is an abnormal response of the nervous system to gravitational changes that lead to inadequate blood flow to the heart and brain. Individuals with OI, commonly seen in patients with ME/CFS and long COVID, may get lightheaded when in an upright position. It's suggested that since alcohol dilates our blood vessels and increases dehydration, it could exacerbate OI and intolerance symptoms. 
  • Neuroinflammation. An inflammatory response within the brain or spinal cord has effects on our blood-brain barrier. This change increases sensitivities to alcohol and other substances that can take advantage of a faulty blood-brain barrier.
  • Gut microbiome changes. Researchers speculate that changes in the gut microbiome may change the way our body absorbs alcohol. In addition, alcohol also alters the gut microbiome and increases permeability. This can further exacerbate inflammation of our gut, liver, and other parts of our body. 
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction. Patients with long COVID are reported to have elevated prostaglandin E2 levels, which causes more severe infections. This can contribute to alcohol sensitivity that is also commonly seen in patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma, also characterized by elevated prostaglandins.

While mechanisms of ME/CFS help explain the onset of alcohol intolerance in long COVID patients, additional research is needed. Along with sudden alcohol intolerance after COVID, anecdotal reports and the four individuals listed in the case study reported varied symptoms of alcohol hangovers.

Consequences of Drinking With Long COVID

Effects of Long COVID on Hangovers

Alcohol intolerance is typically an inherited metabolic disorder that is marked by a genetic mutation in the gene that helps us metabolize alcohol. Since those of us with alcohol intolerance are not able to efficiently break down the toxins in alcohol, they have the opportunity to cause greater harm to our body — leading to worse hangovers. Long COVID appears to heighten those impacts: 

  • Exacerbated symptoms. Since alcohol intolerance makes it more difficult to process and eliminate the toxins in alcohol, they sit in our bloodstream for longer and have more time to damage our internal functioning. Alcohol intolerance amplifies the toxic qualities of alcohol, leading to a more painful aftermath. 
  • Prolonged recovery time. Long COVID can prolong the recovery time of an alcohol hangover. During a hangover, our body works hard to eliminate the toxins in alcohol and return to normal body functions. However, if our normal systems are already impaired, it may take our body longer to heal from the damage of the toxins. 
  • Ongoing hangover repercussions. Alcohol can play the Uno reverse card on Long COVID. While Long COVID may exacerbate hangovers, the damper on our immune and other system functions can further wreak havoc on post-acute COVID experiences.

Aside from long COVID, other factors can also contribute to alcohol intolerance and hangovers.

Public Health Impacts of Long COVID, Alcohol, and Their Link

COVID itself has caused devastating impacts on our public health.

Alcohol has also further complicated COVID-19. According to a recent report by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), indirect impacts of COVID have also caused drastic increases in alcohol-related mortalities during peak COVID years.

Even though we’re supposedly past “peak COVID” years, alcohol-related deaths are on an upward trajectory. While alcohol intolerance and hangovers can often be brushed off as symptoms of drinking, it has greater impacts than we may realize. 

  • Alcohol-related diseases. Alcohol intolerance impacts the way our body processes alcohol. Difficulties with metabolizing alcohol not only lead to worse hangovers but also to a greater risk of developing alcohol-related diseases and all types of cancers. 
  • Alcohol-related deaths. Long-term health conditions are already the leading cause of alcohol-related mortalities. Since long COVID may trigger the onset of alcohol intolerance, alcohol-related health conditions may be even more common. As a result, alcohol-related deaths may continue to rise at an even more alarming rate.  

The recent developments linking long COVID and alcohol intolerance don’t only serve as additional clarity on the condition. They also present a wake-up call for those of us who have had COVID in the past (or not) to be mindful of our drinking habits.

Should You Drink Alcohol With COVID-Positive Tests in the Past?

Many of us have tested positive for COVID-19 in the past. Is it still okay to drink? New studies confirming the link between long COVID and alcohol intolerance may suggest that quitting or cutting back on alcohol is the best course of action. 

Research is still in its early stages regarding the causes of symptoms of long COVID, but alcohol has been studied for a long time and has conclusively negative health effects. If you choose to drink, the guidelines for moderate drinking will help you navigate a healthy relationship with alcohol.

Navigating Long COVID and Alcohol

Long COVID can be a difficult experience and condition to navigate. Alcohol only adds to that equation. Mindful drinking and intentional practices can help us prioritize our health:

  • Cut back/quit alcohol. Quitting or cutting back on alcohol isn’t only for those of us who may be dependent or have an unhealthy relationship with alcohol. Every day is a good day to reduce the intake of toxic substances; it can only help! When recovering from long COVID, our healthy self has the best chance of fighting off the condition.
  • Monitor symptoms. Tracking our drinking habits and monitoring symptoms of long COVID and hangover experiences can help us better prevent them. We can identify patterns and triggers that may be unhealthy.
  • Explore treatment options. Since long COVID manifests in many ways, modes of treatment options can vary. Common treatment options include occupational therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, physical therapy, and medication. Many of these can be used to help reduce alcohol consumption as well. 
  • Focus on health and well-being. There’s currently no cure or preventative for long COVID, but lifestyle changes are reported to help. Prioritizing a healthy lifestyle through a balanced diet, daily movement, and proper hydration can set us up for success. 

Viruses can be frustrating and fickle, but the more we take care of our body, the better equipped it will be to fight them off.

The Bottom Line

Long COVID symptoms seem to include everything under the sun. Recent studies have added alcohol intolerance and exacerbated hangovers to that list. While these complications are frequently brushed off as side effects of drinking, the consequences urge us to proceed with caution. A horrible hangover, hives, and facial flushing — all symptoms of alcohol intolerance — serve as a big red warning sign  that something is wrong. 

Long COVID is still being studied, but what is conclusive is that drinking alcohol will do more harm than good.

Since the COVID-19 pandemic started, we’ve been wishing for it to go away. Although developments have been made to lessen the detrimental effects the virus has on our health, long COVID continues to impact us in multifarious ways.

New research has suggested that long COVID may be linked to changes in alcohol tolerance and hangover symptoms. Could a lingering virus be the unsuspecting cause of alcohol intolerance and hangovers? Let’s take a closer look at the science that may help explain this phenomenon.

What Is Long COVID?

A man and woman sitting on a couch

Long COVID is a condition marked by long-term symptoms and conditions that occur after the acute two-week period of a COVID-19 infection. The condition is more common in those of us who have had a severe COVID-19 infection or are not vaccinated. However, long COVID may affect anyone. Long COVID symptoms can be ongoing or intermittent and can go on for weeks, months, or years. 

Long COVID Symptoms 

Symptoms vary greatly and continue to be recorded and researched. Due to the wide variation in experiences, symptoms are broken down into smaller categories:

  • General. Common feelings of illness such as fatigue, post-exertion malaise, and fever may occur.
  • Respiratory. Long COVID sufferers report difficulty breathing, lingering cough, chest pain, and heart palpitations.
  • Neurological. Neurological symptoms vary from headache, brain fog, sleep disturbances, dizziness, and pins and needles to depression and anxiety or changes in smell or taste.
  • Digestive. Diarrhea, nausea, and stomach pain are common gastrointestinal symptoms.
  • Other experiences. Other commonly reported experiences include joint/muscle pain, rashes, and changes in our menstrual cycle. Other long COVID symptoms can be difficult to explain but are similar to those with myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) or chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).

Long COVID is associated with a wide range of symptoms; could it also affect our drinking experience?

The Connection Between Alcohol and Long COVID-19

Alcohol has acute and long-term effects on our health, which can directly intersect with COVID-19. While causes of long COVID remain inconclusive, Harvard researchers have found that lifestyle influences could affect the risk of developing long COVID. One of these influences is (drumroll, please) alcohol, but that street can go both ways. 

Research done on post-COVID syndrome notes that poor mental health resulting from disabling post-COVID symptoms could lead to alcohol dependence. This suggests a reciprocal relationship between COVID and alcohol. On one hand, drinking alcohol could increase the risk of developing long COVID. Similarly, long COVID could prompt increased consumption of alcohol — creating a toxic cycle with serious impacts on our health.

In addition to an increased risk of developing long COVID and substance dependence, recent developments suggest a more surprising link between alcohol and long COVID. Anecdotal reports record a sudden onset of alcohol sensitivity and worse hangovers in long COVID patients. Could the virus be the cause?

Does Long COVID Cause Alcohol Intolerance?

Unfortunately, there isn’t a yes or no answer. Long COVID isn’t listed as a definitive cause of alcohol intolerance, although patients have reported symptoms indicative of intolerance. While more research is still needed, at least one peer-reviewed study concluded that long COVID has a causal link to increased alcohol intolerance.

The findings were limited to four patients who were treated at Stanford’s Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS) Clinic. Through these case studies, the researchers concluded that long COVID has similar overlapping symptoms with myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME)/chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Similar mechanisms that cause intolerance in ME/CFS are used to explain experiences of long COVID:

  • Orthostatic intolerance (OI) and autonomic dysfunction. OI is an abnormal response of the nervous system to gravitational changes that lead to inadequate blood flow to the heart and brain. Individuals with OI, commonly seen in patients with ME/CFS and long COVID, may get lightheaded when in an upright position. It's suggested that since alcohol dilates our blood vessels and increases dehydration, it could exacerbate OI and intolerance symptoms. 
  • Neuroinflammation. An inflammatory response within the brain or spinal cord has effects on our blood-brain barrier. This change increases sensitivities to alcohol and other substances that can take advantage of a faulty blood-brain barrier.
  • Gut microbiome changes. Researchers speculate that changes in the gut microbiome may change the way our body absorbs alcohol. In addition, alcohol also alters the gut microbiome and increases permeability. This can further exacerbate inflammation of our gut, liver, and other parts of our body. 
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction. Patients with long COVID are reported to have elevated prostaglandin E2 levels, which causes more severe infections. This can contribute to alcohol sensitivity that is also commonly seen in patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma, also characterized by elevated prostaglandins.

While mechanisms of ME/CFS help explain the onset of alcohol intolerance in long COVID patients, additional research is needed. Along with sudden alcohol intolerance after COVID, anecdotal reports and the four individuals listed in the case study reported varied symptoms of alcohol hangovers.

Consequences of Drinking With Long COVID

Effects of Long COVID on Hangovers

Alcohol intolerance is typically an inherited metabolic disorder that is marked by a genetic mutation in the gene that helps us metabolize alcohol. Since those of us with alcohol intolerance are not able to efficiently break down the toxins in alcohol, they have the opportunity to cause greater harm to our body — leading to worse hangovers. Long COVID appears to heighten those impacts: 

  • Exacerbated symptoms. Since alcohol intolerance makes it more difficult to process and eliminate the toxins in alcohol, they sit in our bloodstream for longer and have more time to damage our internal functioning. Alcohol intolerance amplifies the toxic qualities of alcohol, leading to a more painful aftermath. 
  • Prolonged recovery time. Long COVID can prolong the recovery time of an alcohol hangover. During a hangover, our body works hard to eliminate the toxins in alcohol and return to normal body functions. However, if our normal systems are already impaired, it may take our body longer to heal from the damage of the toxins. 
  • Ongoing hangover repercussions. Alcohol can play the Uno reverse card on Long COVID. While Long COVID may exacerbate hangovers, the damper on our immune and other system functions can further wreak havoc on post-acute COVID experiences.

Aside from long COVID, other factors can also contribute to alcohol intolerance and hangovers.

Public Health Impacts of Long COVID, Alcohol, and Their Link

COVID itself has caused devastating impacts on our public health.

Alcohol has also further complicated COVID-19. According to a recent report by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), indirect impacts of COVID have also caused drastic increases in alcohol-related mortalities during peak COVID years.

Even though we’re supposedly past “peak COVID” years, alcohol-related deaths are on an upward trajectory. While alcohol intolerance and hangovers can often be brushed off as symptoms of drinking, it has greater impacts than we may realize. 

  • Alcohol-related diseases. Alcohol intolerance impacts the way our body processes alcohol. Difficulties with metabolizing alcohol not only lead to worse hangovers but also to a greater risk of developing alcohol-related diseases and all types of cancers. 
  • Alcohol-related deaths. Long-term health conditions are already the leading cause of alcohol-related mortalities. Since long COVID may trigger the onset of alcohol intolerance, alcohol-related health conditions may be even more common. As a result, alcohol-related deaths may continue to rise at an even more alarming rate.  

The recent developments linking long COVID and alcohol intolerance don’t only serve as additional clarity on the condition. They also present a wake-up call for those of us who have had COVID in the past (or not) to be mindful of our drinking habits.

Should You Drink Alcohol With COVID-Positive Tests in the Past?

Many of us have tested positive for COVID-19 in the past. Is it still okay to drink? New studies confirming the link between long COVID and alcohol intolerance may suggest that quitting or cutting back on alcohol is the best course of action. 

Research is still in its early stages regarding the causes of symptoms of long COVID, but alcohol has been studied for a long time and has conclusively negative health effects. If you choose to drink, the guidelines for moderate drinking will help you navigate a healthy relationship with alcohol.

Navigating Long COVID and Alcohol

Long COVID can be a difficult experience and condition to navigate. Alcohol only adds to that equation. Mindful drinking and intentional practices can help us prioritize our health:

  • Cut back/quit alcohol. Quitting or cutting back on alcohol isn’t only for those of us who may be dependent or have an unhealthy relationship with alcohol. Every day is a good day to reduce the intake of toxic substances; it can only help! When recovering from long COVID, our healthy self has the best chance of fighting off the condition.
  • Monitor symptoms. Tracking our drinking habits and monitoring symptoms of long COVID and hangover experiences can help us better prevent them. We can identify patterns and triggers that may be unhealthy.
  • Explore treatment options. Since long COVID manifests in many ways, modes of treatment options can vary. Common treatment options include occupational therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, physical therapy, and medication. Many of these can be used to help reduce alcohol consumption as well. 
  • Focus on health and well-being. There’s currently no cure or preventative for long COVID, but lifestyle changes are reported to help. Prioritizing a healthy lifestyle through a balanced diet, daily movement, and proper hydration can set us up for success. 

Viruses can be frustrating and fickle, but the more we take care of our body, the better equipped it will be to fight them off.

The Bottom Line

Long COVID symptoms seem to include everything under the sun. Recent studies have added alcohol intolerance and exacerbated hangovers to that list. While these complications are frequently brushed off as side effects of drinking, the consequences urge us to proceed with caution. A horrible hangover, hives, and facial flushing — all symptoms of alcohol intolerance — serve as a big red warning sign  that something is wrong. 

Long COVID is still being studied, but what is conclusive is that drinking alcohol will do more harm than good.

Alcohol and Health
2024-04-17 9:00
Alcohol and Health
What Is Cross Addiction and Cross Dependence?
This is some text inside of a div block.

Getting sober isn’t always as simple as “stop drinking.” If we’re not careful, we may develop a cross addiction. Click to learn the facts about transfer addiction.

19 min read

Manifest Your Potential With Reframe

Although it isn’t a treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), the Reframe app can help you cut back on drinking gradually with the science-backed knowledge to empower you 100% of the way. Our proven program has helped millions of people around the world drink less and live more. And we want to help you get there, too!

The Reframe app equips you with the knowledge and skills you need to not only survive drinking less, but to thrive while you navigate the journey. Our daily research-backed readings teach you the neuroscience of alcohol, and our in-app Toolkit provides the resources and activities you need to navigate each challenge.

You’ll meet millions of fellow Reframers in our 24/7 forum and daily Zoom check-in meetings. Receive encouragement from people worldwide who know exactly what you’re going through! You’ll also have the opportunity to connect with our licensed Reframe coaches for more personalized guidance.

Plus, we’re always introducing new features to optimize your in-app experience. We recently launched our in-app chatbot, Melody, powered by the world’s most powerful AI technology. Melody is here to help as you adjust to a life with less (or no) alcohol. 

And that’s not all! Every month, we launch fun challenges, like Dry/Damp January, Mental Health May, and Outdoorsy June. You won’t want to miss out on the chance to participate alongside fellow Reframers (or solo if that’s more your thing!).

The Reframe app is free for 7 days, so you don’t have anything to lose by trying it. Are you ready to feel empowered and discover life beyond alcohol? Then download our app through the App Store or Google Play today! 

Read Full Article  →

It’s been years since you’ve caught up with this friend, and as you sit across from them at dinner, you’re happy to see how much they’ve changed. The last time you spoke, they were struggling with a serious addiction to painkillers. Now they’re fresh out of rehab. You’re still laughing at one of their jokes when they flag down a server.

You’re surprised when they order a glass of wine — then another, and another. By the end of the meal, they’ve finished a bottle’s worth all by themselves. They never really drank before. Why would they start now?

Your friend might be experiencing a phenomenon called cross addiction. Let’s dive into this recovery obstacle, why it happens, and what we can do to stay on track.

What Is Cross Addiction?

a man sitting with his hands covering his face

Cross addiction, also called addiction transfer, transfer addiction, or addiction substitution, occurs after we’ve overcome one maladaptive behavior (such as substance misuse) and become reliant on a new substance or behavior. 

For example, although our friend overcame their opioid use disorder, they subsequently became dependent on alcohol. To understand why this happens, we need to unpack how addiction impacts the brain.

Chemistry of Addiction

Substance use disorder hijacks our reward system. Every time we consume an addictive substance, we experience a rush of dopamine — the chemical messenger associated with pleasure, learning, and motivation. In an attempt to reach equilibrium, the brain then slows its own dopamine production, expecting an artificial dosage through drug or alcohol use. These changes reinforce substance use, and, over time, our brain becomes dependent.

Even after we stop drinking or using drugs, we may crave that spike of feel-good neurotransmitters. A cross addiction develops when we replace our original addiction with a new source of dopamine. Sometimes, we begin using different substances. In most instances, however, we chase that high through physically or emotionally stimulating activities. These everyday dopamine-boosting behaviors can become compulsive and morph into behavioral addictions, also known as process addictions. Here are a few examples of common behaviors that can become compulsive:

  • Gambling
  • Having sex
  • Stealing (kleptomania)
  • Working
  • Exercising
  • Eating
  • Shopping
  • Watching pornography or television
  • Scrolling social media
  • Skin picking (dermatillomania)
  • Playing video games

This is just a small sample of potentially addictive actions, and addiction transfer isn’t always the cause. Some people engage in compulsive behaviors due to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). How do we know if we have a cross addiction or a dual diagnosis? Let’s read on to discover the difference.

Cross Addiction vs. Dual Diagnosis

Is “cross addiction” the same as “dual diagnosis”? we might wonder. The answer is no. Let’s compare the definitions to learn why.

  • Cross addiction, or transfer addiction, is the transition from one addiction to another during the recovery process. This term focuses on the development of a brand-new dependence after overcoming an initial one. Think of a man who has stopped drinking, but now buys scratch-offs instead of beer at the bodega.
  • Dual diagnosis means that we have two co-occurring conditions — for instance, a substance use disorder and a mental illness. Imagine someone who struggles with anxiety and alcohol misuse. These disorders may fuel one another; consuming alcohol can make this person more anxious, and anxiety could inspire them to grab a drink.

What About Cross Dependence?

Whereas addiction describes a mental and physical compulsion to perform a particular behavior such as substance use or gambling, dependence is a state of chemical and biological dependency on a substance. Cross dependence happens when we transfer one physical dependence to a new substance. 

Substances produce chemical changes in our body, making them addictive. The physiological effects of withdrawal from substances can produce tangible symptoms such as sweating, fever, shakes, nausea, pain, and headaches. When overcoming addiction, the withdrawal period may be more a mental game, but that form of withdrawal is just as real and powerful as physical symptoms. 

It’s possible to have an addiction and a dependency at the same time — in fact, many of us do. This adds another layer to the already complex process of maladaptive behaviors.

Now, let’s examine the factors that put us at risk for transfer behaviors that can fuel both addiction and dependence.

Risk Factors for Transfer Addiction

What makes us vulnerable to transfer addiction? A complex interplay of genetic vulnerabilities, mental health conditions, and social factors can potentially lead to new compulsions and affect our recovery.

  1. Mental health conditions. Mental illnesses frequently co-occur with addictive behaviors. Often, one condition contributes to the other. These diagnoses can create a feedback loop: the more we drink, the more depressed we feel, so we drink more in an attempt to alleviate that depression.

  2. Genetic predispositions. Our genetics may make us more vulnerable to substance use disorder and addictive behaviors than our peers. No single genetic allele controls this susceptibility; instead, the combined effects of several genes work together to determine how we’ll react to certain substances.

  3. Unsupportive social circles. If our friends and family members don’t respect our sobriety, it can be difficult to stay on track, especially if our loved ones keep our temptations in the house or enthusiastically partake in front of us.

  4. Poor coping skills. Life can hit us hard. Major events like losing a loved one, being fired, or moving across the country can be emotionally taxing, to say the least. If we don’t have a healthy way to cope with stress, we might just turn to a novel substance or behavior.

  5. Cold-turkey, DIY quitting. When we quit without support, we may just stop drinking or using drugs. Because we haven’t processed the psychological and personal factors that drove us to substance use, we may not have learned important lessons that sustain healthier habits. We’re also less likely to question our actions if we begin spending hours on social media, smoking a lot of marijuana, or constantly betting on sports. Quitting without guidance can make us more likely to develop a cross addiction.

If we identify with one or more of these points, how can we prevent cross addiction from progressing? Fortunately, developing an understanding of transfer addiction can protect us from unwanted compulsions in the future.

How Addiction Transfer Begins

Often, cross addiction develops subtly. Consider the following example.

Imagine we’ve successfully overcome a reliance on opioid painkillers. Maybe we, like many people, also took those pills when we felt overwhelmed or stressed, which, come to think of it, we feel a lot now that we’re off our medication. Today, when we feel like we want to unwind, we decide to turn to a different substance instead. We pour a glass of wine. That works, so we decide that every time we really want to take an opioid, we’ll drink instead. In time, we may find ourselves dependent on alcohol. That’s cross addiction.

Why did we experience that addiction transfer? If you read the above paragraph carefully, you can spot some of the telltale signs:

1. We replaced painkillers with something similar.

First, we found a substitute for our previous addiction. By seeking out another substance that mimicked the effects of opioids, we found a way to relax and unwind. Just like opioid painkillers, alcohol is a depressant, and it affects the brain’s reward system in a similar way. We sought out a drug with a similar effect and have developed a similar dependence on it.

2. We used alcohol to cope.

Next, we used alcohol to control cravings, stress, and withdrawal symptoms. Many of us struggle to handle the physical and emotional challenges that come with recovery. We may not realize that the way we’re coping is unhealthy.

3. We didn’t address the root cause of our addiction.

Finally, we didn’t deal with the unresolved issues that contributed to our opioid use disorder. Why do we feel overwhelmed so often? What’s got us so stressed? Instead of digging into what upsets us, we’ve attempted to treat the symptoms — first with meds, then with booze.

But is there anything we can do to avoid this? Doesn’t this happen to everyone who gets sober?  

Is Cross Addiction a Natural Part of Recovery?

While anyone can experience transfer addiction, it isn’t considered a normal part of the recovery process. 

Recovery is more than just getting sober. In addition to stopping our alcohol use, we’ll need to make fundamental, lasting changes to our lifestyle, behaviors, and mindset. We might also seek professional help to address the issues behind our drinking. Without these reinforcements, we’ll be more vulnerable to future substance use disorders and process addictions.

If we build a solid foundation for our sobriety, however, we can successfully avoid cross addiction..

Avoiding Addiction Transfer in Alcohol Recovery

Avoiding Addiction Transfer in Alcohol Recovery

Putting down the booze is just the first step in our recovery journey. Once we quit drinking, we’ll need to avoid cross addiction by making sustainable, lasting changes. If you’re looking for direction in early recovery, we’ve put together eight tips just for you.

  1. Address the root cause. To prevent future substance use disorders or behavioral addictions, it’s worth exploring why you began drinking in the first place. Therapy is a great way to unpack trauma, family history, or mental health conditions that may have impacted your relationship with alcohol.
  
  2. Educate yourself about cross addiction. The more you know about cross addiction, the better equipped you’ll be to avoid it. Consider picking up some books from the library, consulting with experts, or doing online research to learn the warning signs of addiction transfer.
  3. Build community. For many of us, social support is the biggest contributor to lasting recovery. Try connecting with fellow sober folks through online forums, group therapy sessions, or in-person meetings. Your peers can provide encouragement and accountability when you need it most.
  4. Find new ways to cope. Many of us drink in an attempt to alleviate stress, depression, anxiety, and trauma. Replacing alcohol with healthy coping skills keeps us from filling that void with other addictive substances and behaviors. The next time you feel overwhelmed, try expressing yourself through a creative outlet, getting your jitters out by exercising, or calling a loved one.
  5. Remember, it’s a lifestyle shift. Recovery is more than not drinking. It requires us to change our priorities at every level. We may need to develop new routines, stop seeing certain friends, and focus on our physical and mental wellness. With a little help, we can do it!
  6. Seek professional help. If you find yourself replacing one addiction with another, there’s no shame in asking for help. Addiction treatment experts may recommend that you seek therapy or enroll in a rehab program that meets your needs. Also, tell your healthcare provider about your recovery journey, especially if they might prescribe medications with addictive potential. They need this information to make sound decisions about your treatment plan.
  7. Steer clear of triggers. Certain people, places, and situations may make us crave the dopamine spike we associate with drinking. If you notice cravings or distress, consider removing those triggers from your daily life.
  8. Dedicate yourself to recovery. Sobriety is a choice we make over and over again. That commitment isn’t always easy! Putting your recovery first helps you stick with your goals, even when you encounter temptation.

You Deserve a Lifetime of Happiness!

Let’s go back to that restaurant. Sitting across from your friend, you may have begun wondering about cross addictions of your own. Have you started smoking, shopping online, or doomscrolling after cutting back on alcohol? Are you worried about whether these behaviors are still within your control? If so, you may benefit from a sustainable alcohol cessation program — one rooted in scientific best practices.

Reframe offers the guidance you need to stop drinking (or drink less) while prioritizing your health and well-being. Our curriculum focuses on incremental, lasting change. We help you to unpack your relationship with alcohol while building safeguards against other potentially addictive behaviors. To learn more, visit the App Store or Google Play.

It’s been years since you’ve caught up with this friend, and as you sit across from them at dinner, you’re happy to see how much they’ve changed. The last time you spoke, they were struggling with a serious addiction to painkillers. Now they’re fresh out of rehab. You’re still laughing at one of their jokes when they flag down a server.

You’re surprised when they order a glass of wine — then another, and another. By the end of the meal, they’ve finished a bottle’s worth all by themselves. They never really drank before. Why would they start now?

Your friend might be experiencing a phenomenon called cross addiction. Let’s dive into this recovery obstacle, why it happens, and what we can do to stay on track.

What Is Cross Addiction?

a man sitting with his hands covering his face

Cross addiction, also called addiction transfer, transfer addiction, or addiction substitution, occurs after we’ve overcome one maladaptive behavior (such as substance misuse) and become reliant on a new substance or behavior. 

For example, although our friend overcame their opioid use disorder, they subsequently became dependent on alcohol. To understand why this happens, we need to unpack how addiction impacts the brain.

Chemistry of Addiction

Substance use disorder hijacks our reward system. Every time we consume an addictive substance, we experience a rush of dopamine — the chemical messenger associated with pleasure, learning, and motivation. In an attempt to reach equilibrium, the brain then slows its own dopamine production, expecting an artificial dosage through drug or alcohol use. These changes reinforce substance use, and, over time, our brain becomes dependent.

Even after we stop drinking or using drugs, we may crave that spike of feel-good neurotransmitters. A cross addiction develops when we replace our original addiction with a new source of dopamine. Sometimes, we begin using different substances. In most instances, however, we chase that high through physically or emotionally stimulating activities. These everyday dopamine-boosting behaviors can become compulsive and morph into behavioral addictions, also known as process addictions. Here are a few examples of common behaviors that can become compulsive:

  • Gambling
  • Having sex
  • Stealing (kleptomania)
  • Working
  • Exercising
  • Eating
  • Shopping
  • Watching pornography or television
  • Scrolling social media
  • Skin picking (dermatillomania)
  • Playing video games

This is just a small sample of potentially addictive actions, and addiction transfer isn’t always the cause. Some people engage in compulsive behaviors due to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). How do we know if we have a cross addiction or a dual diagnosis? Let’s read on to discover the difference.

Cross Addiction vs. Dual Diagnosis

Is “cross addiction” the same as “dual diagnosis”? we might wonder. The answer is no. Let’s compare the definitions to learn why.

  • Cross addiction, or transfer addiction, is the transition from one addiction to another during the recovery process. This term focuses on the development of a brand-new dependence after overcoming an initial one. Think of a man who has stopped drinking, but now buys scratch-offs instead of beer at the bodega.
  • Dual diagnosis means that we have two co-occurring conditions — for instance, a substance use disorder and a mental illness. Imagine someone who struggles with anxiety and alcohol misuse. These disorders may fuel one another; consuming alcohol can make this person more anxious, and anxiety could inspire them to grab a drink.

What About Cross Dependence?

Whereas addiction describes a mental and physical compulsion to perform a particular behavior such as substance use or gambling, dependence is a state of chemical and biological dependency on a substance. Cross dependence happens when we transfer one physical dependence to a new substance. 

Substances produce chemical changes in our body, making them addictive. The physiological effects of withdrawal from substances can produce tangible symptoms such as sweating, fever, shakes, nausea, pain, and headaches. When overcoming addiction, the withdrawal period may be more a mental game, but that form of withdrawal is just as real and powerful as physical symptoms. 

It’s possible to have an addiction and a dependency at the same time — in fact, many of us do. This adds another layer to the already complex process of maladaptive behaviors.

Now, let’s examine the factors that put us at risk for transfer behaviors that can fuel both addiction and dependence.

Risk Factors for Transfer Addiction

What makes us vulnerable to transfer addiction? A complex interplay of genetic vulnerabilities, mental health conditions, and social factors can potentially lead to new compulsions and affect our recovery.

  1. Mental health conditions. Mental illnesses frequently co-occur with addictive behaviors. Often, one condition contributes to the other. These diagnoses can create a feedback loop: the more we drink, the more depressed we feel, so we drink more in an attempt to alleviate that depression.

  2. Genetic predispositions. Our genetics may make us more vulnerable to substance use disorder and addictive behaviors than our peers. No single genetic allele controls this susceptibility; instead, the combined effects of several genes work together to determine how we’ll react to certain substances.

  3. Unsupportive social circles. If our friends and family members don’t respect our sobriety, it can be difficult to stay on track, especially if our loved ones keep our temptations in the house or enthusiastically partake in front of us.

  4. Poor coping skills. Life can hit us hard. Major events like losing a loved one, being fired, or moving across the country can be emotionally taxing, to say the least. If we don’t have a healthy way to cope with stress, we might just turn to a novel substance or behavior.

  5. Cold-turkey, DIY quitting. When we quit without support, we may just stop drinking or using drugs. Because we haven’t processed the psychological and personal factors that drove us to substance use, we may not have learned important lessons that sustain healthier habits. We’re also less likely to question our actions if we begin spending hours on social media, smoking a lot of marijuana, or constantly betting on sports. Quitting without guidance can make us more likely to develop a cross addiction.

If we identify with one or more of these points, how can we prevent cross addiction from progressing? Fortunately, developing an understanding of transfer addiction can protect us from unwanted compulsions in the future.

How Addiction Transfer Begins

Often, cross addiction develops subtly. Consider the following example.

Imagine we’ve successfully overcome a reliance on opioid painkillers. Maybe we, like many people, also took those pills when we felt overwhelmed or stressed, which, come to think of it, we feel a lot now that we’re off our medication. Today, when we feel like we want to unwind, we decide to turn to a different substance instead. We pour a glass of wine. That works, so we decide that every time we really want to take an opioid, we’ll drink instead. In time, we may find ourselves dependent on alcohol. That’s cross addiction.

Why did we experience that addiction transfer? If you read the above paragraph carefully, you can spot some of the telltale signs:

1. We replaced painkillers with something similar.

First, we found a substitute for our previous addiction. By seeking out another substance that mimicked the effects of opioids, we found a way to relax and unwind. Just like opioid painkillers, alcohol is a depressant, and it affects the brain’s reward system in a similar way. We sought out a drug with a similar effect and have developed a similar dependence on it.

2. We used alcohol to cope.

Next, we used alcohol to control cravings, stress, and withdrawal symptoms. Many of us struggle to handle the physical and emotional challenges that come with recovery. We may not realize that the way we’re coping is unhealthy.

3. We didn’t address the root cause of our addiction.

Finally, we didn’t deal with the unresolved issues that contributed to our opioid use disorder. Why do we feel overwhelmed so often? What’s got us so stressed? Instead of digging into what upsets us, we’ve attempted to treat the symptoms — first with meds, then with booze.

But is there anything we can do to avoid this? Doesn’t this happen to everyone who gets sober?  

Is Cross Addiction a Natural Part of Recovery?

While anyone can experience transfer addiction, it isn’t considered a normal part of the recovery process. 

Recovery is more than just getting sober. In addition to stopping our alcohol use, we’ll need to make fundamental, lasting changes to our lifestyle, behaviors, and mindset. We might also seek professional help to address the issues behind our drinking. Without these reinforcements, we’ll be more vulnerable to future substance use disorders and process addictions.

If we build a solid foundation for our sobriety, however, we can successfully avoid cross addiction..

Avoiding Addiction Transfer in Alcohol Recovery

Avoiding Addiction Transfer in Alcohol Recovery

Putting down the booze is just the first step in our recovery journey. Once we quit drinking, we’ll need to avoid cross addiction by making sustainable, lasting changes. If you’re looking for direction in early recovery, we’ve put together eight tips just for you.

  1. Address the root cause. To prevent future substance use disorders or behavioral addictions, it’s worth exploring why you began drinking in the first place. Therapy is a great way to unpack trauma, family history, or mental health conditions that may have impacted your relationship with alcohol.
  
  2. Educate yourself about cross addiction. The more you know about cross addiction, the better equipped you’ll be to avoid it. Consider picking up some books from the library, consulting with experts, or doing online research to learn the warning signs of addiction transfer.
  3. Build community. For many of us, social support is the biggest contributor to lasting recovery. Try connecting with fellow sober folks through online forums, group therapy sessions, or in-person meetings. Your peers can provide encouragement and accountability when you need it most.
  4. Find new ways to cope. Many of us drink in an attempt to alleviate stress, depression, anxiety, and trauma. Replacing alcohol with healthy coping skills keeps us from filling that void with other addictive substances and behaviors. The next time you feel overwhelmed, try expressing yourself through a creative outlet, getting your jitters out by exercising, or calling a loved one.
  5. Remember, it’s a lifestyle shift. Recovery is more than not drinking. It requires us to change our priorities at every level. We may need to develop new routines, stop seeing certain friends, and focus on our physical and mental wellness. With a little help, we can do it!
  6. Seek professional help. If you find yourself replacing one addiction with another, there’s no shame in asking for help. Addiction treatment experts may recommend that you seek therapy or enroll in a rehab program that meets your needs. Also, tell your healthcare provider about your recovery journey, especially if they might prescribe medications with addictive potential. They need this information to make sound decisions about your treatment plan.
  7. Steer clear of triggers. Certain people, places, and situations may make us crave the dopamine spike we associate with drinking. If you notice cravings or distress, consider removing those triggers from your daily life.
  8. Dedicate yourself to recovery. Sobriety is a choice we make over and over again. That commitment isn’t always easy! Putting your recovery first helps you stick with your goals, even when you encounter temptation.

You Deserve a Lifetime of Happiness!

Let’s go back to that restaurant. Sitting across from your friend, you may have begun wondering about cross addictions of your own. Have you started smoking, shopping online, or doomscrolling after cutting back on alcohol? Are you worried about whether these behaviors are still within your control? If so, you may benefit from a sustainable alcohol cessation program — one rooted in scientific best practices.

Reframe offers the guidance you need to stop drinking (or drink less) while prioritizing your health and well-being. Our curriculum focuses on incremental, lasting change. We help you to unpack your relationship with alcohol while building safeguards against other potentially addictive behaviors. To learn more, visit the App Store or Google Play.

Alcohol and Health
2024-04-17 9:00
Alcohol and Health
Alcohol’s Effect on the Central Nervous System
This is some text inside of a div block.

Alcohol is a depressant, meaning it slows the activity of our brain and spinal cord. Alcohol induces changes in our brain chemistry and structure.

14 min read

Drink Less and Thrive With Reframe

Although it isn’t a treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), the Reframe app can help you cut back on drinking gradually with the science-backed knowledge to empower you 100% of the way. Our proven program has helped millions of people around the world drink less and live more. And we want to help you get there, too!

The Reframe app equips you with the knowledge and skills you need to not only survive drinking less, but to thrive while you navigate the journey. Our daily research-backed readings teach you the neuroscience of alcohol, and our in-app Toolkit provides the resources and activities you need to navigate each challenge.

You’ll meet millions of fellow Reframers in our 24/7 forum and daily Zoom check-in meetings. Receive encouragement from people worldwide who know exactly what you’re going through! You’ll also have the opportunity to connect with our licensed Reframe coaches for more personalized guidance.

Plus, we’re always introducing new features to optimize your in-app experience. We recently launched our in-app chatbot, Melody, powered by the world’s most powerful AI technology. Melody is here to help as you adjust to a life with less (or no) alcohol. 

And that’s not all! Every month, we launch fun challenges, like Dry/Damp January, Mental Health May, and Outdoorsy June. You won’t want to miss out on the chance to participate alongside fellow Reframers (or solo if that’s more your thing!).

The Reframe app is free for 7 days, so you don’t have anything to lose by trying it. Are you ready to feel empowered and discover life beyond alcohol? Then download our app through the App Store or Google Play today! 

Read Full Article  →

Slurred speech. Stumbling steps. Embarrassing ourselves in public. Everyone knows what happens when someone has a few too many drinks. But have you ever wondered what really goes on in your brain when you drink? If so, buckle up for a Magic School Bus-style ride into our central nervous system.

We will learn all about our central nervous system, how alcohol impacts it, and ways we can set ourselves up for a healthy brain!

The Central Nervous System: Our Body’s Command Center 

 Close-up of brain and neuron

The central nervous system (CNS) is responsible for coordinating and processing sensory information, initiating voluntary and involuntary movements, and regulating body functions. It is made up of our brain and spinal cord, which each have distinct and vital functions. 

The Brain

Our brain is our command center and controls all of our body's actions and activities. The brain is made up of neurons or the cells in our brain that facilitate communication and allow us to do everything from thinking and perceiving to sensing and breathing. 

The Spinal Cord

Our spinal cord is a cylinder structure that runs from the brainstem to our lower back through our vertebral column (spine). Without the spine or bone protecting the spinal cord, it is very delicate as it contains bundles of nerve fibers. These nerves carry messages to and from our brain to the rest of our body or the peripheral nervous system. The spinal cord also facilitates reflex actions, which are rapid responses to stimuli that bypass the brain for quicker reactions.

Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters are chemicals in our CNS that neurons use to communicate with each other. In our CNS, there are tiny gaps between our neurons called synapses. Essentially, neurotransmitters carry messages in the synapse from one neuron to another. Once in the synapse, neurotransmitters find their way to proteins on other neurons called receptors, which they bind to and trigger changes in the receiving cell. 

The main neurotransmitters include glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin, dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine.

Through the brain, spinal cord, and neurotransmitters, our CNS controls and coordinates all of our body functions and ensures we survive or adapt to our environment. 

How Does Alcohol Consumption Affect the Central Nervous System?

Alcohol is a depressant, meaning it slows down the CNS. As we learned above, alcohol affects almost all of our neurotransmitters, but alcohol’s depressing effects come from the increase in GABA. Let’s break down a little more about how alcohol can impact our brain and spinal cord. 

Alcohol and the Brain

Alcohol can impact our brain in many ways, mostly by slowing it down. In our brain, alcohol changes our neurotransmitters, which then change the way we act. Additionally, long-term alcohol use can make more permanent changes, such as altering our brain receptors and shifting some of our brain structures (more on that later!). 

Alcohol and the Spinal Cord

It’s not discussed as often, but alcohol can also impact our spinal cord in several ways: 


  • Neurotransmitter dysfunction. The most prominent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord is glycine. Alcohol increases glycine, which can impact our sensation and movement. 
  • Damage to spinal cord tissue. Chronic alcohol abuse can lead to nutritional deficiencies and neurotoxicity, which can damage spinal cord tissue over time. This damage may manifest as neurological symptoms such as weakness, numbness, or tingling in the extremities.
  • Disrupted spinal cord blood flow. Excessive alcohol consumption can also affect blood flow to the spinal cord. Reduced blood flow deprives spinal cord tissue of oxygen and nutrients, which can lead to tissue damage and dysfunction.

Alcohol consumption can have a range of negative effects on spinal cord function, from acute impairment of motor skills to long-term damage and increased risk of injury.

Alcohol and Neurotransmitters

Every movement we make requires many neurons and neurotransmitters. Taking a single step, for example, requires dopamine, acetylcholine, glutamate, and GABA. Together, these neurotransmitters signal between neurons to help us move. As alcohol can impact all of these neurotransmitters, we can see how intoxication disrupts our movement and coordination. 

Because each neurotransmitter plays a different role, each one is impacted differently by alcohol: 

  • Glutamate. Glutamate is important for functions such as learning, memory, sleep, and wakefulness. Alcohol decreases glutamate activity, impairing our memory and disturbing our sleep patterns. 
  • GABA. GABA helps our brain slow down and relax. Alcohol notoriously increases GABA levels, often making us feel disinhibited and carefree. 
  • Serotonin. Serotonin is known as our “happy chemical,” but it is also important for sleep, appetite, digestion, learning, and memory. Acute alcohol exposure increases the release of serotonin, making us feel temporarily happier. 
  • Dopamine. When dopamine is released, we feel pleasure, satisfaction, and motivation. Alcohol increases our dopamine levels, making us feel pleasure when we first drink it. 
  • Epinephrine. Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is both a neurotransmitter and a hormone that plays an important role in our fight-or-flight response. Alcohol raises levels of epinephrine, which can make it harder to sleep or increase our heart rate. 
  • Norepinephrine. Norepinephrine is a hormone and neurotransmitter that increases arousal, alertness, focused attention, and increased restlessness. Alcohol increases norepinephrine levels, which can also increase blood pressure, nervousness, and headaches.
  • Acetylcholine. Acetylcholine plays an important role in memory, learning, attention, arousal, and involuntary muscle movements. Alcohol increases acetylcholine in the brain, which partners with dopamine to create those “rewarding” feelings of alcohol. 

Not only does it take multiple neurotransmitters to complete an action, but our neurotransmitters also rely on each other to maintain safe levels. For instance, GABA helps regulate how much glutamate is in our system because too much glutamate can be harmful to our neurons. This is known as the homeostasis of our neurotransmitter system. Alcohol interferes with this delicate balance, both in the short term and long term. 

Long-Term Effects of Alcohol on the Central Nervous System

Long-term alcohol use can impact the CNS in many ways. Let’s review some of the most profound ways alcohol can make long-term changes to our CNS: 

  • Neurotransmitter receptors. Over time, alcohol use depletes the neurotransmitters that make up our brain’s reward system: dopamine, serotonin, and GABA. Because the brain adapts to the short-term boost of these neurotransmitters in acute alcohol use, it needs more and more alcohol to produce the same “rewarding” feeling alcohol provides. The result is greater dependence and withdrawal symptoms. 
  • Brain structures. Too much alcohol over time can damage and shrink brain cells. Researchers found areas of the brain most affected include our emotion regulation center, known as the limbic system, and the frontal cortex, the area used in higher-order thinking and decision making. 

The changes in our neurotransmitters and brain structures contribute to the behavioral alterations with long-term alcohol use. These changes in the CNS make the cycle of alcohol misuse hard to break. 

Habits for Nervous System Health

How To Nourish Your Central Nervous System

Alcohol use can disrupt our CNS. The good news: there are ways we can help nourish our CNS! Let’s go through some strategies for promoting a healthy CNS:

  • Eat healthy fats. Fat is crucial for our CNS as the brain is nearly 60% fat! Incorporating fats such as omega-3 fatty acids from foods such as fish, walnuts, soybeans, chia seeds, or flaxseeds. Our brain uses fat to insulate our neurons to make communication smoother. Overall, eating a well-rounded, nutrient-rich diet is good for your brain health. 
  • Exercise. Engaging in regular exercise can improve our brain health in several ways. First, exercise increases blood flow to the brain, which brings nutrients and oxygen to the brain to fuel it. Exercise can enhance your mood, reduce stress levels, enhance motor skills, balance, and proprioception that are controlled in the brain. Physical activities can also help protect your brain against cognitive decline. 
  • Sleep. Your brain uses sleep to restore and repair your brain. Sleep is essential to maintain cognitive function, emotional stability, and brain health. Prioritizing sleep will help keep your brain healthy. 
  • Stress management. Chronic stress can negatively impact your nervous system and lead to CNS dysfunction. Managing stress in healthy ways (without alcohol) is a great way to keep your CNS healthy. Some ways to manage your stress without alcohol include exercise, meditation, or mindfulness. 
  • Regular neurological checkups. Staying ahead of the game with regular neurological checkups with neurology experts can help you stay proactive with your brain health.  

Taking care of your brain is essential to CNS and overall health. The better you take care of your CNS, the better it will take care of you. 

Key Takeaways

Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant. Alcohol changes our brain chemistry and structure, which causes behavior changes, both short term and long term. When we cut back or quit alcohol, our brain will start to recover from the long-term effects of alcohol.

Slurred speech. Stumbling steps. Embarrassing ourselves in public. Everyone knows what happens when someone has a few too many drinks. But have you ever wondered what really goes on in your brain when you drink? If so, buckle up for a Magic School Bus-style ride into our central nervous system.

We will learn all about our central nervous system, how alcohol impacts it, and ways we can set ourselves up for a healthy brain!

The Central Nervous System: Our Body’s Command Center 

 Close-up of brain and neuron

The central nervous system (CNS) is responsible for coordinating and processing sensory information, initiating voluntary and involuntary movements, and regulating body functions. It is made up of our brain and spinal cord, which each have distinct and vital functions. 

The Brain

Our brain is our command center and controls all of our body's actions and activities. The brain is made up of neurons or the cells in our brain that facilitate communication and allow us to do everything from thinking and perceiving to sensing and breathing. 

The Spinal Cord

Our spinal cord is a cylinder structure that runs from the brainstem to our lower back through our vertebral column (spine). Without the spine or bone protecting the spinal cord, it is very delicate as it contains bundles of nerve fibers. These nerves carry messages to and from our brain to the rest of our body or the peripheral nervous system. The spinal cord also facilitates reflex actions, which are rapid responses to stimuli that bypass the brain for quicker reactions.

Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters are chemicals in our CNS that neurons use to communicate with each other. In our CNS, there are tiny gaps between our neurons called synapses. Essentially, neurotransmitters carry messages in the synapse from one neuron to another. Once in the synapse, neurotransmitters find their way to proteins on other neurons called receptors, which they bind to and trigger changes in the receiving cell. 

The main neurotransmitters include glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin, dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine.

Through the brain, spinal cord, and neurotransmitters, our CNS controls and coordinates all of our body functions and ensures we survive or adapt to our environment. 

How Does Alcohol Consumption Affect the Central Nervous System?

Alcohol is a depressant, meaning it slows down the CNS. As we learned above, alcohol affects almost all of our neurotransmitters, but alcohol’s depressing effects come from the increase in GABA. Let’s break down a little more about how alcohol can impact our brain and spinal cord. 

Alcohol and the Brain

Alcohol can impact our brain in many ways, mostly by slowing it down. In our brain, alcohol changes our neurotransmitters, which then change the way we act. Additionally, long-term alcohol use can make more permanent changes, such as altering our brain receptors and shifting some of our brain structures (more on that later!). 

Alcohol and the Spinal Cord

It’s not discussed as often, but alcohol can also impact our spinal cord in several ways: 


  • Neurotransmitter dysfunction. The most prominent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord is glycine. Alcohol increases glycine, which can impact our sensation and movement. 
  • Damage to spinal cord tissue. Chronic alcohol abuse can lead to nutritional deficiencies and neurotoxicity, which can damage spinal cord tissue over time. This damage may manifest as neurological symptoms such as weakness, numbness, or tingling in the extremities.
  • Disrupted spinal cord blood flow. Excessive alcohol consumption can also affect blood flow to the spinal cord. Reduced blood flow deprives spinal cord tissue of oxygen and nutrients, which can lead to tissue damage and dysfunction.

Alcohol consumption can have a range of negative effects on spinal cord function, from acute impairment of motor skills to long-term damage and increased risk of injury.

Alcohol and Neurotransmitters

Every movement we make requires many neurons and neurotransmitters. Taking a single step, for example, requires dopamine, acetylcholine, glutamate, and GABA. Together, these neurotransmitters signal between neurons to help us move. As alcohol can impact all of these neurotransmitters, we can see how intoxication disrupts our movement and coordination. 

Because each neurotransmitter plays a different role, each one is impacted differently by alcohol: 

  • Glutamate. Glutamate is important for functions such as learning, memory, sleep, and wakefulness. Alcohol decreases glutamate activity, impairing our memory and disturbing our sleep patterns. 
  • GABA. GABA helps our brain slow down and relax. Alcohol notoriously increases GABA levels, often making us feel disinhibited and carefree. 
  • Serotonin. Serotonin is known as our “happy chemical,” but it is also important for sleep, appetite, digestion, learning, and memory. Acute alcohol exposure increases the release of serotonin, making us feel temporarily happier. 
  • Dopamine. When dopamine is released, we feel pleasure, satisfaction, and motivation. Alcohol increases our dopamine levels, making us feel pleasure when we first drink it. 
  • Epinephrine. Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is both a neurotransmitter and a hormone that plays an important role in our fight-or-flight response. Alcohol raises levels of epinephrine, which can make it harder to sleep or increase our heart rate. 
  • Norepinephrine. Norepinephrine is a hormone and neurotransmitter that increases arousal, alertness, focused attention, and increased restlessness. Alcohol increases norepinephrine levels, which can also increase blood pressure, nervousness, and headaches.
  • Acetylcholine. Acetylcholine plays an important role in memory, learning, attention, arousal, and involuntary muscle movements. Alcohol increases acetylcholine in the brain, which partners with dopamine to create those “rewarding” feelings of alcohol. 

Not only does it take multiple neurotransmitters to complete an action, but our neurotransmitters also rely on each other to maintain safe levels. For instance, GABA helps regulate how much glutamate is in our system because too much glutamate can be harmful to our neurons. This is known as the homeostasis of our neurotransmitter system. Alcohol interferes with this delicate balance, both in the short term and long term. 

Long-Term Effects of Alcohol on the Central Nervous System

Long-term alcohol use can impact the CNS in many ways. Let’s review some of the most profound ways alcohol can make long-term changes to our CNS: 

  • Neurotransmitter receptors. Over time, alcohol use depletes the neurotransmitters that make up our brain’s reward system: dopamine, serotonin, and GABA. Because the brain adapts to the short-term boost of these neurotransmitters in acute alcohol use, it needs more and more alcohol to produce the same “rewarding” feeling alcohol provides. The result is greater dependence and withdrawal symptoms. 
  • Brain structures. Too much alcohol over time can damage and shrink brain cells. Researchers found areas of the brain most affected include our emotion regulation center, known as the limbic system, and the frontal cortex, the area used in higher-order thinking and decision making. 

The changes in our neurotransmitters and brain structures contribute to the behavioral alterations with long-term alcohol use. These changes in the CNS make the cycle of alcohol misuse hard to break. 

Habits for Nervous System Health

How To Nourish Your Central Nervous System

Alcohol use can disrupt our CNS. The good news: there are ways we can help nourish our CNS! Let’s go through some strategies for promoting a healthy CNS:

  • Eat healthy fats. Fat is crucial for our CNS as the brain is nearly 60% fat! Incorporating fats such as omega-3 fatty acids from foods such as fish, walnuts, soybeans, chia seeds, or flaxseeds. Our brain uses fat to insulate our neurons to make communication smoother. Overall, eating a well-rounded, nutrient-rich diet is good for your brain health. 
  • Exercise. Engaging in regular exercise can improve our brain health in several ways. First, exercise increases blood flow to the brain, which brings nutrients and oxygen to the brain to fuel it. Exercise can enhance your mood, reduce stress levels, enhance motor skills, balance, and proprioception that are controlled in the brain. Physical activities can also help protect your brain against cognitive decline. 
  • Sleep. Your brain uses sleep to restore and repair your brain. Sleep is essential to maintain cognitive function, emotional stability, and brain health. Prioritizing sleep will help keep your brain healthy. 
  • Stress management. Chronic stress can negatively impact your nervous system and lead to CNS dysfunction. Managing stress in healthy ways (without alcohol) is a great way to keep your CNS healthy. Some ways to manage your stress without alcohol include exercise, meditation, or mindfulness. 
  • Regular neurological checkups. Staying ahead of the game with regular neurological checkups with neurology experts can help you stay proactive with your brain health.  

Taking care of your brain is essential to CNS and overall health. The better you take care of your CNS, the better it will take care of you. 

Key Takeaways

Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant. Alcohol changes our brain chemistry and structure, which causes behavior changes, both short term and long term. When we cut back or quit alcohol, our brain will start to recover from the long-term effects of alcohol.

Alcohol and Health
2024-04-17 9:00
Alcohol and Health
Can Alcohol Cause Blood Clots?
This is some text inside of a div block.

Alcohol thins our blood and does not directly cause blood clots. Drinking too much alcohol can increase the chance of having a heart attack or stroke.

16 min read

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Read Full Article  →

Picture this: It's Friday evening, the workweek is finally winding down, and you're looking forward to kicking back with a refreshing drink in hand. But before you reach for a glass of your favorite beverage, have you ever wondered about the potential impact alcohol might have on your health?

In this article, we’ll explore the connection between alcohol consumption and blood clot formation. We will cover how blood clots form, how alcohol impacts our blood, and whether we should be drinking alcohol if we have a blood clot.   

Blood Clot Basics

A close-up of a cell, representing the concept of microorganisms

Blood clots are a group or mass of blood cells and other substances that form in our blood vessels. Usually, we get blood clots to protect us from bleeding out when we injure our blood vessels as from a cut or surgery. After the injury is healed, our body naturally dissolves the clots. Although usually helpful, sometimes our blood will clot when it is not needed, which can lead to dangerous outcomes. 

We can get blood clots anywhere in our body. There are two main types of clots:

  • Thrombus: Also known as a thrombosis, a thrombus is a stationary blood clot that can block blood flow. 

  • Embolus: Often called an embolism, an embolus is a blood clot that can break loose and travel to other parts of the body.

Blood clots can lead to life-threatening conditions, including heart attack, stroke, and pulmonary embolism. Symptoms of blood clots differ based on their location. Let’s review some common types of blood clots and the associated symptoms: 

  • Arms or legs. Clots in the veins of our arms or legs are called deep vein thrombosis. We may notice that there is redness and warming where the clot is, and we may feel swelling, tenderness, and intense cramping in the area. 

  • Abdomen. Clotting in the abdomen will lead to serious stomach pain, diarrhea, or vomiting. 

  • Heart. If a clot blocks or reduces blood flow to the heart, the result is a heart attack. Signs of heart attack include chest pain, cold sweat, fatigue, heartburn, nausea, lightheadedness, shortness of breath, and discomfort in the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw.

  • Lungs. Lack of blood flow to the lungs is known as a pulmonary embolism. If we have a pulmonary embolism, we may cough up blood or notice a racing heart, shortness of breath, sweating, fever, or sharp chest pain. 

  • Brain. Clotting that blocks blood flow to the brain results in a stroke. Common symptoms include numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech, walking problems, dizziness, balance problems, or severe headaches. 

If you notice any of these symptoms or think you might have a blood clot, seek immediate medical attention! Time is crucial when addressing blood clots; the sooner we seek help, the better. 

Risks for Developing Blood Clots


There are certain conditions, both inherited and developed, that can increase our risk of developing blood clots. Let’s review a few inherited factors: 


  • Factor V Leiden. An inherited condition, Factor V increases our chances of developing a blood clot, specifically a deep vein thrombosis, that can lead to a pulmonary embolism. 
  • Prothrombin Gene Mutation. Similar to Factor V, prothrombin gene mutation is an inherited condition that increases the risk for deep vein thrombosis or a pulmonary embolism. 

  • Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks proteins in our body, making it more likely to get blood clots in our arteries or veins. 

Even if we don’t inherit clotting conditions, other factors can increase our chances of throwing a clot: 


  • Age. Those of us over the age of 65 are more likely to develop blood clots because, as we age, our coagulation proteins increase faster than our anticoagulant factors. 

  • Obesity. Being obese predisposes us to clots because it can alter our coagulation system by increasing plasma concentrations of clotting factors. 

  • Birth control. Hormonal birth control that contains estrogen can increase the levels of coagulation factors and decrease the anticoagulant proteins in our blood and lead to blood clots. 

  • Pregnancy. During pregnancy, our bodies increase estrogen levels to help maintain a healthy pregnancy. As with the case of birth control, increased estrogen enhances our risk of developing clots. 

  • Smoking. Smoking makes blood platelets more sticky and prone to clump together. Smoking can also damage the lining of blood vessel walls, increasing our chances of having a clot. 

  • Inactivity. Not moving for long periods can decrease blood flow and increase our chances of getting a deep vein thrombosis in our legs.

Pairing risk factors with genetic conditions or having multiple risk factors can increase our chances of getting a blood clot.  


How Does Alcohol Impact Blood?


In the short term, alcohol enters our bloodstream and raises our blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Short-term alcohol use can temporarily impact our blood: 


  • Thins our blood. Alcohol impacts the blood cell’s ability to clot by reducing the number of platelets in the blood and making the platelets less sticky. 

  • Dilates our blood vessels. When we first consume alcohol our blood vessels dilate or widen. This makes us feel warm and decreases our blood pressure.   

  • Decreases our blood pressure. As our blood vessels dilate, our blood pressure decreases because the systemic vascular resistance is reduced, increasing blood flow.  

Long-term alcohol use can permanently alter our blood: 


  • Decreases red blood cells. Over time, alcohol intake decreases the bone marrow's ability to make red blood cells by lowering the number of red blood cell precursor cells in our bone marrow. 
 
  • Decreases platelets or white blood cells. Long-term alcohol use suppresses the bone marrow from making blood cells such as platelets or white blood cells. 

  • Raises blood pressure. Repeated alcohol use can change the muscles in our blood vessels and shrink them. Having smaller or narrower blood vessels means the heart has to work harder to push blood around our body. 

Alcohol changes a lot about our bodies, including our blood. But does alcohol directly cause blood clots?

Prevention and Management of Alcohol-Related Blood Clot Risks

Alcohol and Blood Clots

As we learned above, acute consumption of alcohol can thin our blood to the equivalent of taking a daily aspirin. With alcohol in our bloodstream, our platelets become less sticky, making the blood less likely to clot. While this seems like a good way to prevent clotting, it also puts us at risk of bleeding out if we get injured. If we are light to moderate drinkers, however, our blood goes back to normal after we stop drinking. 

Long-term chronic alcohol use, on the other hand, can permanently thin our blood to dangerous levels. Having thin blood increases our chances of hemorrhagic stroke. Hemorrhagic strokes are when blood leaks from a blood vessel or the blood vessel explodes. They can cause irreversible brain damage. A scientific review found that heavy drinkers are at greater risk for developing a hemorrhagic stroke

Due to the array of other possible health issues, using alcohol as a blood thinner is not recommended. Instead, consult a medical professional if you are worried about blood clotting risk factors. 

Can You Drink Alcohol With a Blood Clot?

Drinking alcohol when we have a blood clot is risky and generally not recommended, especially if we take blood thinners — medications designed to thin our blood to prevent clots.

If we drink alcohol while on blood thinners, like Warfarin, we put ourselves at risk for excess bleeding in an accident, dangerous interactions with our medications, and/or excessive blood thinning.

If we drink in moderation (one drink or fewer per day), alcohol will not likely harm us, but it’s always a good idea to consult a medical provider first. 

Prevention and Management of Alcohol-Related Blood Clot Risks

Preventing and managing alcohol-related blood clot risks involves a combination of lifestyle changes, medical interventions, and close monitoring. Here are some strategies:


  • Drink in moderation. The most effective way to reduce the risk of alcohol-related blood clotting issues is to limit or abstain from alcohol consumption altogether. If we choose to drink, we should do so in moderation. Moderation typically means up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men, according to guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

  • Stay hydrated. Alcohol is a diuretic, meaning it increases urine production and can lead to dehydration. Dehydration can thicken the blood and increase the risk of clotting. To counteract this effect, be sure to drink plenty of water when consuming alcohol and throughout the day.

  • Regular exercise. Engage in regular physical activity to promote cardiovascular health and circulation. Exercise can help prevent blood clots by improving blood flow and reducing the risk of conditions such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, which are associated with clot formation.

  • Monitor symptoms. Be vigilant for signs of blood clotting issues, such as swelling, redness, warmth, or pain in the affected area (e.g., leg for deep vein thrombosis, chest pain for pulmonary embolism). Seek medical attention promptly if you experience any concerning symptoms.

  • Plan for travel. Sitting for more than an hour at a time increases our risk of getting a blood clot. When traveling, make sure to change positions often to prevent a blockage of blood flow. 

By adopting these preventive measures and closely managing existing conditions, we can reduce our risk of alcohol-related blood clotting and promote overall cardiovascular health. However, it's crucial to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice and guidance.

Picture this: It's Friday evening, the workweek is finally winding down, and you're looking forward to kicking back with a refreshing drink in hand. But before you reach for a glass of your favorite beverage, have you ever wondered about the potential impact alcohol might have on your health?

In this article, we’ll explore the connection between alcohol consumption and blood clot formation. We will cover how blood clots form, how alcohol impacts our blood, and whether we should be drinking alcohol if we have a blood clot.   

Blood Clot Basics

A close-up of a cell, representing the concept of microorganisms

Blood clots are a group or mass of blood cells and other substances that form in our blood vessels. Usually, we get blood clots to protect us from bleeding out when we injure our blood vessels as from a cut or surgery. After the injury is healed, our body naturally dissolves the clots. Although usually helpful, sometimes our blood will clot when it is not needed, which can lead to dangerous outcomes. 

We can get blood clots anywhere in our body. There are two main types of clots:

  • Thrombus: Also known as a thrombosis, a thrombus is a stationary blood clot that can block blood flow. 

  • Embolus: Often called an embolism, an embolus is a blood clot that can break loose and travel to other parts of the body.

Blood clots can lead to life-threatening conditions, including heart attack, stroke, and pulmonary embolism. Symptoms of blood clots differ based on their location. Let’s review some common types of blood clots and the associated symptoms: 

  • Arms or legs. Clots in the veins of our arms or legs are called deep vein thrombosis. We may notice that there is redness and warming where the clot is, and we may feel swelling, tenderness, and intense cramping in the area. 

  • Abdomen. Clotting in the abdomen will lead to serious stomach pain, diarrhea, or vomiting. 

  • Heart. If a clot blocks or reduces blood flow to the heart, the result is a heart attack. Signs of heart attack include chest pain, cold sweat, fatigue, heartburn, nausea, lightheadedness, shortness of breath, and discomfort in the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw.

  • Lungs. Lack of blood flow to the lungs is known as a pulmonary embolism. If we have a pulmonary embolism, we may cough up blood or notice a racing heart, shortness of breath, sweating, fever, or sharp chest pain. 

  • Brain. Clotting that blocks blood flow to the brain results in a stroke. Common symptoms include numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech, walking problems, dizziness, balance problems, or severe headaches. 

If you notice any of these symptoms or think you might have a blood clot, seek immediate medical attention! Time is crucial when addressing blood clots; the sooner we seek help, the better. 

Risks for Developing Blood Clots


There are certain conditions, both inherited and developed, that can increase our risk of developing blood clots. Let’s review a few inherited factors: 


  • Factor V Leiden. An inherited condition, Factor V increases our chances of developing a blood clot, specifically a deep vein thrombosis, that can lead to a pulmonary embolism. 
  • Prothrombin Gene Mutation. Similar to Factor V, prothrombin gene mutation is an inherited condition that increases the risk for deep vein thrombosis or a pulmonary embolism. 

  • Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks proteins in our body, making it more likely to get blood clots in our arteries or veins. 

Even if we don’t inherit clotting conditions, other factors can increase our chances of throwing a clot: 


  • Age. Those of us over the age of 65 are more likely to develop blood clots because, as we age, our coagulation proteins increase faster than our anticoagulant factors. 

  • Obesity. Being obese predisposes us to clots because it can alter our coagulation system by increasing plasma concentrations of clotting factors. 

  • Birth control. Hormonal birth control that contains estrogen can increase the levels of coagulation factors and decrease the anticoagulant proteins in our blood and lead to blood clots. 

  • Pregnancy. During pregnancy, our bodies increase estrogen levels to help maintain a healthy pregnancy. As with the case of birth control, increased estrogen enhances our risk of developing clots. 

  • Smoking. Smoking makes blood platelets more sticky and prone to clump together. Smoking can also damage the lining of blood vessel walls, increasing our chances of having a clot. 

  • Inactivity. Not moving for long periods can decrease blood flow and increase our chances of getting a deep vein thrombosis in our legs.

Pairing risk factors with genetic conditions or having multiple risk factors can increase our chances of getting a blood clot.  


How Does Alcohol Impact Blood?


In the short term, alcohol enters our bloodstream and raises our blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Short-term alcohol use can temporarily impact our blood: 


  • Thins our blood. Alcohol impacts the blood cell’s ability to clot by reducing the number of platelets in the blood and making the platelets less sticky. 

  • Dilates our blood vessels. When we first consume alcohol our blood vessels dilate or widen. This makes us feel warm and decreases our blood pressure.   

  • Decreases our blood pressure. As our blood vessels dilate, our blood pressure decreases because the systemic vascular resistance is reduced, increasing blood flow.  

Long-term alcohol use can permanently alter our blood: 


  • Decreases red blood cells. Over time, alcohol intake decreases the bone marrow's ability to make red blood cells by lowering the number of red blood cell precursor cells in our bone marrow. 
 
  • Decreases platelets or white blood cells. Long-term alcohol use suppresses the bone marrow from making blood cells such as platelets or white blood cells. 

  • Raises blood pressure. Repeated alcohol use can change the muscles in our blood vessels and shrink them. Having smaller or narrower blood vessels means the heart has to work harder to push blood around our body. 

Alcohol changes a lot about our bodies, including our blood. But does alcohol directly cause blood clots?

Prevention and Management of Alcohol-Related Blood Clot Risks

Alcohol and Blood Clots

As we learned above, acute consumption of alcohol can thin our blood to the equivalent of taking a daily aspirin. With alcohol in our bloodstream, our platelets become less sticky, making the blood less likely to clot. While this seems like a good way to prevent clotting, it also puts us at risk of bleeding out if we get injured. If we are light to moderate drinkers, however, our blood goes back to normal after we stop drinking. 

Long-term chronic alcohol use, on the other hand, can permanently thin our blood to dangerous levels. Having thin blood increases our chances of hemorrhagic stroke. Hemorrhagic strokes are when blood leaks from a blood vessel or the blood vessel explodes. They can cause irreversible brain damage. A scientific review found that heavy drinkers are at greater risk for developing a hemorrhagic stroke

Due to the array of other possible health issues, using alcohol as a blood thinner is not recommended. Instead, consult a medical professional if you are worried about blood clotting risk factors. 

Can You Drink Alcohol With a Blood Clot?

Drinking alcohol when we have a blood clot is risky and generally not recommended, especially if we take blood thinners — medications designed to thin our blood to prevent clots.

If we drink alcohol while on blood thinners, like Warfarin, we put ourselves at risk for excess bleeding in an accident, dangerous interactions with our medications, and/or excessive blood thinning.

If we drink in moderation (one drink or fewer per day), alcohol will not likely harm us, but it’s always a good idea to consult a medical provider first. 

Prevention and Management of Alcohol-Related Blood Clot Risks

Preventing and managing alcohol-related blood clot risks involves a combination of lifestyle changes, medical interventions, and close monitoring. Here are some strategies:


  • Drink in moderation. The most effective way to reduce the risk of alcohol-related blood clotting issues is to limit or abstain from alcohol consumption altogether. If we choose to drink, we should do so in moderation. Moderation typically means up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men, according to guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

  • Stay hydrated. Alcohol is a diuretic, meaning it increases urine production and can lead to dehydration. Dehydration can thicken the blood and increase the risk of clotting. To counteract this effect, be sure to drink plenty of water when consuming alcohol and throughout the day.

  • Regular exercise. Engage in regular physical activity to promote cardiovascular health and circulation. Exercise can help prevent blood clots by improving blood flow and reducing the risk of conditions such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, which are associated with clot formation.

  • Monitor symptoms. Be vigilant for signs of blood clotting issues, such as swelling, redness, warmth, or pain in the affected area (e.g., leg for deep vein thrombosis, chest pain for pulmonary embolism). Seek medical attention promptly if you experience any concerning symptoms.

  • Plan for travel. Sitting for more than an hour at a time increases our risk of getting a blood clot. When traveling, make sure to change positions often to prevent a blockage of blood flow. 

By adopting these preventive measures and closely managing existing conditions, we can reduce our risk of alcohol-related blood clotting and promote overall cardiovascular health. However, it's crucial to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice and guidance.

Alcohol and Health