Alcohol & Physical Health Effects

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Latest Articles
2024-10-26 9:00
Alcohol and Health
What Are the Pros and Cons of Women’s Rehab Centers
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Interested in inpatient rehab for women? Women’s rehab centers offer inpatient addiction treatment services in a gender-specific setting.

13 min read

Reframe Helps Women in Recovery

Although it isn’t a treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), the Reframe app can help you cut back on drinking gradually, with the science-backed knowledge to empower you 100% of the way. Our proven program has helped millions of people around the world drink less and live more. And we want to help you get there, too!

The Reframe app equips you with the knowledge and skills you need to not only survive drinking less, but to thrive while you navigate the journey. Our daily research-backed readings teach you the neuroscience of alcohol, and our in-app Toolkit provides the resources and activities you need to navigate each challenge.

You’ll meet hundreds of fellow Reframers in our 24/7 Forum chat and daily Zoom check-in meetings. Receive encouragement from people worldwide who know exactly what you’re going through! You’ll also have the opportunity to connect with our licensed Reframe coaches for more personalized guidance.

Plus, we’re always introducing new features to optimize your in-app experience. We recently launched our in-app chatbot, Melody, powered by the world’s most powerful AI technology. Melody is here to help as you adjust to a life with less (or no) alcohol. 

And that’s not all! Every month, we launch fun challenges, like Dry/Damp January, Mental Health May, and Outdoorsy June. You won’t want to miss out on the chance to participate alongside fellow Reframers (or solo if that’s more your thing!).

The Reframe app is free for 7 days, so you don’t have anything to lose by trying it. Are you ready to feel empowered and discover life beyond alcohol? Then download our app through the App Store or Google Play today!

Read Full Article  →

After a long day at the office, you kick off your heels and uncork a bottle of your favorite wine. What started as a weekend celebration has become an after-work ritual — one that has begun to worry you. A single nightly glass of red turned into two, then four. Now you’re killing the bottle and waking up with a hangover. At what point does your drinking become serious enough to warrant considering professional treatment?

You’re not the first person in this situation, and you won’t be the last. Women all over the world develop alcohol use disorder without even realizing it. The female body metabolizes alcohol differently than the male body, causing us to develop dependence much faster than our husbands, boyfriends, guy friends, or fathers. If you’ve tried and failed to cut back on your own, it might be time to consider a women’s addiction treatment center.

What Is a Women’s Rehab Center?

A gathering of young adults sitting in a circle

A women’s rehab center is just what it sounds like: a facility offering a drug and alcohol treatment program with gender-specific care. While some facilities may have men on staff, all participants are female. This approach to inpatient care is especially beneficial for women who have been traumatized by men. It also provides women with a great opportunity to uncover the factors fueling their drinking.

While no two rehab centers are created equal, most provide a similar set of services. Inpatient treatment usually involves individual therapy, group counseling, and 12-step meetings. Some programs provide life skills training, career assistance, and family counseling, too.

Are you thinking about enrolling in one of these programs? Let’s explore the pros and cons of women’s addiction treatment centers.

Benefits of Women’s Addiction Treatment Centers

Women face challenges from those facing men. A female-focused rehab center helps women connect the dots between their alcohol consumption and influences such as chronic stress, caregiving, and hormonal fluctuations.

Gender-Specific Treatment

Thanks to a whole host of biological and social factors, gender plays a major role in alcohol use and mental health. Women develop alcohol use disorder (AUD) faster than men (a phenomenon called “telescoping”). They’re more likely to experience trauma and abuse, and they’re also at higher risk for depression, anxiety, and other mental health conditions.

To address these concerns, women require personalized care. Gender-specific centers offer programming tailored to women’s needs only, while co-ed programs address men’s issues, too. Female therapists and facilitators focus on self-esteem, codependence, motherhood, hormonal changes, and other female issues.

A Safe Environment for Recovery

A women’s addiction treatment center is a soft place to land and unpack alcohol’s impact on your life. Everyone there is in the same boat — often, staff members are women in recovery, too. This shared understanding creates community. As you get to know your peers, you’ll feel comfortable discussing past traumas and future challenges, all in a nonjudgmental setting.

Distance From Triggers

Until you’ve got a few weeks of sobriety under your belt, you’ll want some space from the people, places, and activities you associate with drinking. Rehab keeps you out of the wine aisle, away from the liquor store, and outside the bars. Instead of grabbing cocktails with coworkers, you’ll bond with other women in recovery. By the time you head home, you’ll have the perspective you need to resist alcohol cravings.

Focus on Getting Well

When you go to a women’s rehab center, you’ve got one thing to focus on: your relationship with alcohol. Moms get to enjoy a vacation from the mental load. No shuttling kids to soccer practice, wrapping presents for in-laws, or scrambling to meet work deadlines. If you’re single and interested in men, a women-only program insulates you from the turbulent (and ill-advised) world of dating in early recovery.

Cons of Inpatient Rehab for Women

Addiction treatment for women may be exactly what you need, but before you go, take a moment to consider the drawbacks of a 30- to 90-day program.

Time

There’s no getting around it — recovery takes time. Inpatient rehab for women lasts at least 30 days. (Fun fact: The 30-day stay is a holdover from the 1970s. The National Institute on Drug Abuse recommends 90 days.) No matter how long you’re on site, you’ll spend weeks away from family, friends, and work. If that’s a major deterrent for you, you’re not alone. Women are far more likely to avoid addressing substance use due to family obligations.

Cost

Rehab is also notoriously expensive. The cheapest inpatient programs cost around $6,000 per month. While all insurance plans must cover some rehabilitation thanks to the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act, you may be left with large copays or high deductibles. Consult with your insurer before choosing a treatment center.

Confusion

Getting help for your drinking is a tough process. Google will display pages of results for “women’s drug rehab” and “drug rehab women only” — a series of sites that may or may not answer your questions about alcohol use disorder. To find an effective, accredited program, you’ll have to do some serious research.

Pros and Cons of Inpatient Rehab for Women

How Can I Make a Change Without Rehab?

If you’re ready to address your alcohol use but don’t want to go to rehab, you have options. Try these top tips from the Reframe team.  

  • Community is key. Build a supportive network of women in recovery as you examine your relationship with alcohol. Share your goals and ask those friends to hold you accountable.
  • Learn the facts. Self-education is a powerful tool in your recovery arsenal. Hop online and become an expert in alcohol cessation. What happens when you stop drinking? How does alcohol affect your body? The more you know, the better equipped you’ll be to resist cravings and move forward.
  • Get professional help. Many women uncork a bottle of wine after a hard day — it’s a common response to stress. A therapist can help you break this association between alcohol and stress relief and replace drinking with healthy coping skills. They can also identify any underlying mental health concerns contributing to your alcohol use.
  • Stay healthy. Taking care of your body gives you the strength to stay sober. Eat well, exercise, go to bed early, and maintain a daily routine.  
  • Try cutting back at home. Before committing to a women’s addiction treatment center, experiment with smaller-scale solutions. Reframe lets you travel the road to recovery from the comfort of your couch. Whether your goals are mindful drinking or quitting alcohol altogether, we have a track for you.

Build a Life You’re Proud Of

Every year, thousands of women transform their lives by reframing their relationship with alcohol. While professional treatment fast-tracks your recovery, you can take the first step all by yourself. Downloading an app like Reframe kick starts your journey to sobriety — whether you’re hoping to cut back or quit.

We offer gender-specific programs and through our 24/7 forum and daily Zoom check-ins, where you’ll connect with other women in recovery. Start your free trial by visiting the App Store or Google Play today!

After a long day at the office, you kick off your heels and uncork a bottle of your favorite wine. What started as a weekend celebration has become an after-work ritual — one that has begun to worry you. A single nightly glass of red turned into two, then four. Now you’re killing the bottle and waking up with a hangover. At what point does your drinking become serious enough to warrant considering professional treatment?

You’re not the first person in this situation, and you won’t be the last. Women all over the world develop alcohol use disorder without even realizing it. The female body metabolizes alcohol differently than the male body, causing us to develop dependence much faster than our husbands, boyfriends, guy friends, or fathers. If you’ve tried and failed to cut back on your own, it might be time to consider a women’s addiction treatment center.

What Is a Women’s Rehab Center?

A gathering of young adults sitting in a circle

A women’s rehab center is just what it sounds like: a facility offering a drug and alcohol treatment program with gender-specific care. While some facilities may have men on staff, all participants are female. This approach to inpatient care is especially beneficial for women who have been traumatized by men. It also provides women with a great opportunity to uncover the factors fueling their drinking.

While no two rehab centers are created equal, most provide a similar set of services. Inpatient treatment usually involves individual therapy, group counseling, and 12-step meetings. Some programs provide life skills training, career assistance, and family counseling, too.

Are you thinking about enrolling in one of these programs? Let’s explore the pros and cons of women’s addiction treatment centers.

Benefits of Women’s Addiction Treatment Centers

Women face challenges from those facing men. A female-focused rehab center helps women connect the dots between their alcohol consumption and influences such as chronic stress, caregiving, and hormonal fluctuations.

Gender-Specific Treatment

Thanks to a whole host of biological and social factors, gender plays a major role in alcohol use and mental health. Women develop alcohol use disorder (AUD) faster than men (a phenomenon called “telescoping”). They’re more likely to experience trauma and abuse, and they’re also at higher risk for depression, anxiety, and other mental health conditions.

To address these concerns, women require personalized care. Gender-specific centers offer programming tailored to women’s needs only, while co-ed programs address men’s issues, too. Female therapists and facilitators focus on self-esteem, codependence, motherhood, hormonal changes, and other female issues.

A Safe Environment for Recovery

A women’s addiction treatment center is a soft place to land and unpack alcohol’s impact on your life. Everyone there is in the same boat — often, staff members are women in recovery, too. This shared understanding creates community. As you get to know your peers, you’ll feel comfortable discussing past traumas and future challenges, all in a nonjudgmental setting.

Distance From Triggers

Until you’ve got a few weeks of sobriety under your belt, you’ll want some space from the people, places, and activities you associate with drinking. Rehab keeps you out of the wine aisle, away from the liquor store, and outside the bars. Instead of grabbing cocktails with coworkers, you’ll bond with other women in recovery. By the time you head home, you’ll have the perspective you need to resist alcohol cravings.

Focus on Getting Well

When you go to a women’s rehab center, you’ve got one thing to focus on: your relationship with alcohol. Moms get to enjoy a vacation from the mental load. No shuttling kids to soccer practice, wrapping presents for in-laws, or scrambling to meet work deadlines. If you’re single and interested in men, a women-only program insulates you from the turbulent (and ill-advised) world of dating in early recovery.

Cons of Inpatient Rehab for Women

Addiction treatment for women may be exactly what you need, but before you go, take a moment to consider the drawbacks of a 30- to 90-day program.

Time

There’s no getting around it — recovery takes time. Inpatient rehab for women lasts at least 30 days. (Fun fact: The 30-day stay is a holdover from the 1970s. The National Institute on Drug Abuse recommends 90 days.) No matter how long you’re on site, you’ll spend weeks away from family, friends, and work. If that’s a major deterrent for you, you’re not alone. Women are far more likely to avoid addressing substance use due to family obligations.

Cost

Rehab is also notoriously expensive. The cheapest inpatient programs cost around $6,000 per month. While all insurance plans must cover some rehabilitation thanks to the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act, you may be left with large copays or high deductibles. Consult with your insurer before choosing a treatment center.

Confusion

Getting help for your drinking is a tough process. Google will display pages of results for “women’s drug rehab” and “drug rehab women only” — a series of sites that may or may not answer your questions about alcohol use disorder. To find an effective, accredited program, you’ll have to do some serious research.

Pros and Cons of Inpatient Rehab for Women

How Can I Make a Change Without Rehab?

If you’re ready to address your alcohol use but don’t want to go to rehab, you have options. Try these top tips from the Reframe team.  

  • Community is key. Build a supportive network of women in recovery as you examine your relationship with alcohol. Share your goals and ask those friends to hold you accountable.
  • Learn the facts. Self-education is a powerful tool in your recovery arsenal. Hop online and become an expert in alcohol cessation. What happens when you stop drinking? How does alcohol affect your body? The more you know, the better equipped you’ll be to resist cravings and move forward.
  • Get professional help. Many women uncork a bottle of wine after a hard day — it’s a common response to stress. A therapist can help you break this association between alcohol and stress relief and replace drinking with healthy coping skills. They can also identify any underlying mental health concerns contributing to your alcohol use.
  • Stay healthy. Taking care of your body gives you the strength to stay sober. Eat well, exercise, go to bed early, and maintain a daily routine.  
  • Try cutting back at home. Before committing to a women’s addiction treatment center, experiment with smaller-scale solutions. Reframe lets you travel the road to recovery from the comfort of your couch. Whether your goals are mindful drinking or quitting alcohol altogether, we have a track for you.

Build a Life You’re Proud Of

Every year, thousands of women transform their lives by reframing their relationship with alcohol. While professional treatment fast-tracks your recovery, you can take the first step all by yourself. Downloading an app like Reframe kick starts your journey to sobriety — whether you’re hoping to cut back or quit.

We offer gender-specific programs and through our 24/7 forum and daily Zoom check-ins, where you’ll connect with other women in recovery. Start your free trial by visiting the App Store or Google Play today!

Alcohol & Physical Health Effects
2024-10-24 9:00
Alcohol and Health
What Is a Seizure From Alcohol Withdrawal?
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Alcohol disrupts our brain signaling, potentially resulting in alcohol withdrawal seizures. Check out our latest blog to learn the science behind this, and safety tips.

13 min read

Manage Alcohol Withdrawal With Reframe!

Although it isn’t a treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), the Reframe app can help you cut back on drinking gradually, with the science-backed knowledge to empower you 100% of the way. Our proven program has helped millions of people around the world drink less and live more. And we want to help you get there, too!

The Reframe app equips you with the knowledge and skills you need to not only survive drinking less, but to thrive while you navigate the journey. Our daily research-backed readings teach you the neuroscience of alcohol, and our in-app Toolkit provides the resources and activities you need to navigate each challenge.

You’ll meet hundreds of fellow Reframers in our 24/7 Forum chat and daily Zoom check-in meetings. Receive encouragement from people worldwide who know exactly what you’re going through! You’ll also have the opportunity to connect with our licensed Reframe coaches for more personalized guidance.

Plus, we’re always introducing new features to optimize your in-app experience. We recently launched our in-app chatbot, Melody, powered by the world’s most powerful AI technology. Melody is here to help as you adjust to a life with less (or no) alcohol. 

And that’s not all! Every month, we launch fun challenges, like Dry/Damp January, Mental Health May, and Outdoorsy June. You won’t want to miss out on the chance to participate alongside fellow Reframers (or solo if that’s more your thing!).

The Reframe app is free for 7 days, so you don’t have anything to lose by trying it. Are you ready to feel empowered and discover life beyond alcohol? Then download our app through the App Store or Google Play today!

Read Full Article  →

You’re watching an episode of your favorite show, Stranger Things, when all of a sudden one of the characters falls to the ground, jerking and convulsing rapidly. This is a seizure (or at least a massive generalization of what a seizure looks like). Beyond being in an alternate dimension like the characters in the show, seizures can happen for many different reasons — even ones that may seem unrelated, such as alcohol withdrawal.

Quitting or cutting back on alcohol is undoubtedly good for our health, but stopping abruptly after a period of heavy drinking can throw off the chemical balance in our brain, potentially triggering alcohol withdrawal seizures. Let’s jump into everything we need to know about this dangerous and often overlooked effect of alcohol withdrawal to stay healthy and safe.

Understanding Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures

A person lies on the floor with their arms extended outward

Seizures are sudden, uncontrolled spurts of electrical activity in our brain that change or disrupt normal messaging in our brain. It’s like getting hit with a spam email. Clicking on it might download a virus, messing up the normal function of your phone or computer.

When we quit or cut back on alcohol abruptly, we may experience withdrawal, a period of physical and mental symptoms occurring as our brain tries to regain balance. The abnormal electrical activity from a seizure can scramble normal activity in our brain, which can impact our consciousness, movement, and behavior. There are different types of seizures, but the most common type caused by alcohol withdrawal is generalized tonic-clonic seizures. 

This type of seizure is what probably comes to mind when we think of a “seizure” and what we commonly see portrayed in movies (although typically exaggerated). It involves two phases: the tonic phase, which is the stiffening phase, and the clonic, which is characterized by rhythmic jerking. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures can include the following symptoms: 

  • Muscle stiffness
  • Clenched jaw
  • Oral bleeding from biting down on the tongue or cheeks 
  • Rapid jerking of the body 
  • Loss of bladder/bowel control 
  • Blue skin from lack of oxygen 
  • Difficulty/stopped breathing
  • Loss of consciousness

Symptoms typically last about one to three minutes. If someone is experiencing a seizure or other serious symptoms, it’s important to seek emergency medical assistance right away. Now that we know alcohol withdrawal can undoubtedly cause seizures, let’s understand how it works. 

How Alcohol Withdrawal Can Cause Seizures

Alcohol is directly linked to an increased seizure risk due to the way alcohol affects our brain chemistry. Here’s how:

1. Brain Chemical Upheaval

Alcohol impacts two major neurotransmitters that can play a role in seizures: gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate

GABA slows down signaling in the brain by blocking messages in the central nervous system (CNS). This neurotransmitter produces a calming effect by reeling in nerve cell hyperactivity, which is linked to fear, anxiety, and stress. 

On the other hand, glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that stimulates brain signaling. It’s critical for normal brain function and plays a key role in learning, memory, and mood regulation. GABA and glutamate are opposites that keep each other in balance.

Alcohol throws a wrench in the works by mimicking GABA and increasing its depressant effects. Meanwhile, alcohol blocks glutamate receptors, decreasing brain signaling. This significant disruption to our brain activity can trigger seizures for those who may have epilepsy and even for those who don’t.

2. The New Normal

While consuming alcohol can lead to seizures, the more common alcohol-related reason for seizures is alcohol withdrawal. To understand why, let’s first understand why withdrawal occurs. 

Because alcohol mimics GABA, it decreases our brain’s natural ability to produce GABA and decreases its receptors over time. Glutamate receptors adapt to alcohol’s depressant effects by increasing brain activity to compensate. This “balance” becomes the new normal, explaining why we become more tolerant or less affected by alcohol. This tolerance is the reason why alcohol withdrawal occurs, and consequently, alcohol withdrawal seizures.

3. Recalibration

When we quit or cut back, alcohol’s depressant effects are reduced or eliminated and brain activity can go into overdrive. Imagine pulling back a bowstring tighter and tighter, increasing tension. When we release the string quickly rather than slowly, the arrow shoots forward forcefully — similar to how activity in our brain can go into overdrive. 

As our body adjusts, we might experience physical withdrawal symptoms such as headache, nausea, increased heart rate, tremors, and excessive sweating. As our brain adjusts, we may experience mental and emotional symptoms such as anxiety, mood swings, insomnia, confusion, and hallucinations. 

This abrupt change in our brain chemistry can also lead to seizures, as our brain recalibrates to functioning without alcohol’s depressant effects. Research shows that about 5% of those who experience alcohol withdrawal experience seizures, and more than 90% of those seizures occur within the first 48 hours after stopping drinking. 

Now that we better understand how alcohol consumption and withdrawal are linked to seizures, let’s map out the steps we can take to prevent them and maintain our well-being.

Preventing Seizures From Alcohol Withdrawal

We can better prevent seizures and complications tied to seizures by practicing more mindful consumption and safe alcohol detox. Here are some practices we can implement: 

  • Drink in moderation. Heavy drinking increases the risk of triggering seizures and alcohol withdrawal. Stay below drinking guidelines, which define moderate drinking as 2 drinks or fewer in a day for men and 1 drink or fewer per day for women. 
  • Consider family history. Research shows that those of us with a family history of seizures are more likely to experience alcohol-related seizures. Understanding this helps us take even greater precautions. 
  • Avoid quitting cold turkey. Quitting cold turkey can be too abrupt a change for our brain and body, increasing seizure risk. Consult a professional to see if this method is right for you or consider taking a more gradual approach to cutting back, such as reducing your consumption by half each week.
  • Seek supported detox. Another option is to seek supported alcohol detox, which means medical monitoring to treat any complications that occur. Check out “Home Alcohol Detox: Is It Right For You?
  • Reach out for support. If you’re having trouble quitting or cutting back, or you’re looking for support during withdrawal, you can reach out for support. Consider joining the Reframe community to connect with others who may be going through a similar experience and explore resources to help quit or cut back safely and effectively. 

Alcohol withdrawal is unpleasant and sometimes dangerous, but it’s also a sign that we're breaking free from harmful drinking habits. The steps we can take to prevent seizures can be our first steps to a healthier future!

Seizing the Opportunity for Health and Well-Being

Seizures are scary, but now that we understand how the upheaval of our brain chemicals during withdrawal can cause seizures, we can take steps to prevent them. Practicing moderation, taking a more gradual approach to quitting or cutting back, and exploring supported detox options decreases our risk of alcohol withdrawal seizures. Take control and seize the opportunity for a healthier, seizure-free future!

You’re watching an episode of your favorite show, Stranger Things, when all of a sudden one of the characters falls to the ground, jerking and convulsing rapidly. This is a seizure (or at least a massive generalization of what a seizure looks like). Beyond being in an alternate dimension like the characters in the show, seizures can happen for many different reasons — even ones that may seem unrelated, such as alcohol withdrawal.

Quitting or cutting back on alcohol is undoubtedly good for our health, but stopping abruptly after a period of heavy drinking can throw off the chemical balance in our brain, potentially triggering alcohol withdrawal seizures. Let’s jump into everything we need to know about this dangerous and often overlooked effect of alcohol withdrawal to stay healthy and safe.

Understanding Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures

A person lies on the floor with their arms extended outward

Seizures are sudden, uncontrolled spurts of electrical activity in our brain that change or disrupt normal messaging in our brain. It’s like getting hit with a spam email. Clicking on it might download a virus, messing up the normal function of your phone or computer.

When we quit or cut back on alcohol abruptly, we may experience withdrawal, a period of physical and mental symptoms occurring as our brain tries to regain balance. The abnormal electrical activity from a seizure can scramble normal activity in our brain, which can impact our consciousness, movement, and behavior. There are different types of seizures, but the most common type caused by alcohol withdrawal is generalized tonic-clonic seizures. 

This type of seizure is what probably comes to mind when we think of a “seizure” and what we commonly see portrayed in movies (although typically exaggerated). It involves two phases: the tonic phase, which is the stiffening phase, and the clonic, which is characterized by rhythmic jerking. Generalized tonic-clonic seizures can include the following symptoms: 

  • Muscle stiffness
  • Clenched jaw
  • Oral bleeding from biting down on the tongue or cheeks 
  • Rapid jerking of the body 
  • Loss of bladder/bowel control 
  • Blue skin from lack of oxygen 
  • Difficulty/stopped breathing
  • Loss of consciousness

Symptoms typically last about one to three minutes. If someone is experiencing a seizure or other serious symptoms, it’s important to seek emergency medical assistance right away. Now that we know alcohol withdrawal can undoubtedly cause seizures, let’s understand how it works. 

How Alcohol Withdrawal Can Cause Seizures

Alcohol is directly linked to an increased seizure risk due to the way alcohol affects our brain chemistry. Here’s how:

1. Brain Chemical Upheaval

Alcohol impacts two major neurotransmitters that can play a role in seizures: gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate

GABA slows down signaling in the brain by blocking messages in the central nervous system (CNS). This neurotransmitter produces a calming effect by reeling in nerve cell hyperactivity, which is linked to fear, anxiety, and stress. 

On the other hand, glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter that stimulates brain signaling. It’s critical for normal brain function and plays a key role in learning, memory, and mood regulation. GABA and glutamate are opposites that keep each other in balance.

Alcohol throws a wrench in the works by mimicking GABA and increasing its depressant effects. Meanwhile, alcohol blocks glutamate receptors, decreasing brain signaling. This significant disruption to our brain activity can trigger seizures for those who may have epilepsy and even for those who don’t.

2. The New Normal

While consuming alcohol can lead to seizures, the more common alcohol-related reason for seizures is alcohol withdrawal. To understand why, let’s first understand why withdrawal occurs. 

Because alcohol mimics GABA, it decreases our brain’s natural ability to produce GABA and decreases its receptors over time. Glutamate receptors adapt to alcohol’s depressant effects by increasing brain activity to compensate. This “balance” becomes the new normal, explaining why we become more tolerant or less affected by alcohol. This tolerance is the reason why alcohol withdrawal occurs, and consequently, alcohol withdrawal seizures.

3. Recalibration

When we quit or cut back, alcohol’s depressant effects are reduced or eliminated and brain activity can go into overdrive. Imagine pulling back a bowstring tighter and tighter, increasing tension. When we release the string quickly rather than slowly, the arrow shoots forward forcefully — similar to how activity in our brain can go into overdrive. 

As our body adjusts, we might experience physical withdrawal symptoms such as headache, nausea, increased heart rate, tremors, and excessive sweating. As our brain adjusts, we may experience mental and emotional symptoms such as anxiety, mood swings, insomnia, confusion, and hallucinations. 

This abrupt change in our brain chemistry can also lead to seizures, as our brain recalibrates to functioning without alcohol’s depressant effects. Research shows that about 5% of those who experience alcohol withdrawal experience seizures, and more than 90% of those seizures occur within the first 48 hours after stopping drinking. 

Now that we better understand how alcohol consumption and withdrawal are linked to seizures, let’s map out the steps we can take to prevent them and maintain our well-being.

Preventing Seizures From Alcohol Withdrawal

We can better prevent seizures and complications tied to seizures by practicing more mindful consumption and safe alcohol detox. Here are some practices we can implement: 

  • Drink in moderation. Heavy drinking increases the risk of triggering seizures and alcohol withdrawal. Stay below drinking guidelines, which define moderate drinking as 2 drinks or fewer in a day for men and 1 drink or fewer per day for women. 
  • Consider family history. Research shows that those of us with a family history of seizures are more likely to experience alcohol-related seizures. Understanding this helps us take even greater precautions. 
  • Avoid quitting cold turkey. Quitting cold turkey can be too abrupt a change for our brain and body, increasing seizure risk. Consult a professional to see if this method is right for you or consider taking a more gradual approach to cutting back, such as reducing your consumption by half each week.
  • Seek supported detox. Another option is to seek supported alcohol detox, which means medical monitoring to treat any complications that occur. Check out “Home Alcohol Detox: Is It Right For You?
  • Reach out for support. If you’re having trouble quitting or cutting back, or you’re looking for support during withdrawal, you can reach out for support. Consider joining the Reframe community to connect with others who may be going through a similar experience and explore resources to help quit or cut back safely and effectively. 

Alcohol withdrawal is unpleasant and sometimes dangerous, but it’s also a sign that we're breaking free from harmful drinking habits. The steps we can take to prevent seizures can be our first steps to a healthier future!

Seizing the Opportunity for Health and Well-Being

Seizures are scary, but now that we understand how the upheaval of our brain chemicals during withdrawal can cause seizures, we can take steps to prevent them. Practicing moderation, taking a more gradual approach to quitting or cutting back, and exploring supported detox options decreases our risk of alcohol withdrawal seizures. Take control and seize the opportunity for a healthier, seizure-free future!

Alcohol & Physical Health Effects
2024-10-18 9:00
Alcohol and Health
The Truth About Alcohol's Effects on the Heart
This is some text inside of a div block.

Get the facts on alcohol's effects on the heart, including new research, risk factors, and practical steps for protecting your cardiovascular health.

21

Boost Heart Health With Reframe!

Although it isn’t a treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), the Reframe app can help you cut back on drinking gradually, with the science-backed knowledge to empower you 100% of the way. Our proven program has helped millions of people around the world drink less and live more. And we want to help you get there, too!

The Reframe app equips you with the knowledge and skills you need to not only survive drinking less, but to thrive while you navigate the journey. Our daily research-backed readings teach you the neuroscience of alcohol, and our in-app Toolkit provides the resources and activities you need to navigate each challenge.

You’ll meet hundreds of fellow Reframers in our 24/7 Forum chat and daily Zoom check-in meetings. Receive encouragement from people worldwide who know exactly what you’re going through! You’ll also have the opportunity to connect with our licensed Reframe coaches for more personalized guidance.

Plus, we’re always introducing new features to optimize your in-app experience. We recently launched our in-app chatbot, Melody, powered by the world’s most powerful AI technology. Melody is here to help as you adjust to a life with less (or no) alcohol. 

And that’s not all! Every month, we launch fun challenges, like Dry/Damp January, Mental Health May, and Outdoorsy June. You won’t want to miss out on the chance to participate alongside fellow Reframers (or solo if that’s more your thing!).

The Reframe app is free for 7 days, so you don’t have anything to lose by trying it. Are you ready to feel empowered and discover life beyond alcohol? Then download our app through the App Store or Google Play today!

Read Full Article  →

We've all heard the advice: a daily glass of red wine is good for your heart. It's a comforting thought, right? But the science tells a different story. While wine does contain antioxidants, the negative alcohol effect on heart health often cancels out any potential benefits. You can get those same powerful antioxidants from berries, nuts, and even dark chocolate—without the toxic side effects. In fact, recent research has debunked this common myth, showing that even small amounts of alcohol can be harmful. Understanding the full picture of alcohol's effects on the heart is the first step to making truly healthy choices.

So, what are the new studies on alcohol and heart health all about? In two recent studies, researchers looked into two compounds (which we’ll get into later) to see how they impact alcohol-related heart issues. But first, let’s examine what we already know.

How Does Alcohol Affect Heart Health?

A glass of whiskey beside a heart-shaped stethoscope

Our heart is the core of our body function. After all, it keeps us alive! But alcohol, which is so normalized in our social culture, is directly linked to many heart issues:

  • High blood pressure. Regular drinking increases blood pressure, which in turn increases the risk of heart attack and stroke.
  • Atrial fibrillation (AFib). Alcohol impacts electrolyte balance and heart rate. Long-term alcohol use can also cause structural changes such as thickening and scarring of the heart muscle, increasing the risk of irregular heartbeat, known as AFib.
  • Cardiomyopathy. Regular drinking can damage the heart muscle over time. The damage makes it difficult for our heart to pump blood, and when it can’t do this efficiently, the heart can start to expand, thinning and weakening the heart, causing a condition called cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy can lead to heart dysfunction and even heart failure. 
  • Tachycardia. Alcohol may be a depressant, but for multiple reasons it can cause a rapid heartbeat known as tachycardia. It dilates our blood vessels, slows down breathing, and impacts the signals that tell our heart to contract, making our heart work harder to circulate blood.
  • Stroke. AFib increases the risk of blood clots in the heart. If the clot moves up to the brain, it can lead to stroke. Research shows that people with AFib are five times more likely to have a stroke.

So, it’s clear that alcohol and poor heart health are directly tied, but what does the latest research tell us? 

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First, Let's Define the Terms

Before we get into the specifics of how alcohol affects the heart, it’s helpful to be on the same page about what the terms we hear actually mean. When a study talks about “moderate” or “heavy” drinking, what does that look like in the real world? And what exactly counts as “one drink”? The answers might surprise you, especially since a generous pour at home or a craft beer at a brewery can often contain much more alcohol than the standard measurement. Let’s clear up the confusion so we can have a more honest conversation about our habits and their impact on our health.

What Is a "Standard Drink"?

It’s easy to underestimate how much you’re drinking when serving sizes vary so much. According to health experts at Johns Hopkins Medicine, a “standard drink” in the United States contains about 14 grams of pure alcohol. This is what that typically looks like: 12 ounces of regular beer (at 5% alcohol), 5 ounces of wine (at 12% alcohol), or 1.5 ounces of 80-proof distilled spirits like vodka or whiskey. Keeping these measurements in mind is a great first step toward being more aware of your actual consumption, which is key to making any changes you might be considering for your health.

Moderate vs. Heavy Drinking Guidelines

Now that we know what a standard drink is, let's look at the official guidelines. “Moderate drinking” is generally defined as up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men. Anything beyond that is considered heavy drinking. It’s important to remember that these are just general guidelines. Factors like your age, weight, genetics, and overall health can influence how alcohol affects your body. These definitions aren’t meant to be a permission slip but rather a framework to help you assess your own patterns and potential risks to your long-term well-being.

The Direct Impact on Your Heart

While the occasional drink might not seem like a big deal, consistent or heavy alcohol use can put significant strain on your cardiovascular system. Over time, this can lead to serious and sometimes irreversible damage. The heart is a muscle, and just like any other muscle in your body, it’s vulnerable to the toxic effects of alcohol. From raising your blood pressure to disrupting your heart’s natural rhythm, alcohol creates a ripple effect of health issues that directly compromise the organ working tirelessly to keep you alive. Let’s look at some of the most common ways alcohol directly impacts your heart.

High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)

One of the most well-documented effects of alcohol on the heart is its ability to raise blood pressure. Heavy drinking can lead to hypertension, a condition where the force of blood against your artery walls is consistently too high. This forces your heart to work harder to pump blood throughout your body, which can weaken the heart muscle over time. High blood pressure is a major risk factor for both heart attacks and strokes, making it a serious concern for anyone who drinks regularly. Reducing your alcohol intake is one of the most effective lifestyle changes you can make to help manage your blood pressure.

Increased Stroke Risk

The link between alcohol and stroke risk is closely tied to its effects on blood pressure and heart rhythm. Binge drinking, in particular, has been shown to significantly increase the risk of a cardiovascular event like a heart attack or stroke, especially in the 24 hours following consumption. This happens because heavy drinking can contribute to the development of blood clots, and if a clot travels to the brain, it can cause a stroke. By putting a strain on the entire cardiovascular system, excessive alcohol use creates a dangerous environment where the risk of a life-altering event is much higher.

Irregular Heart Rhythms and "Holiday Heart Syndrome"

Have you ever felt your heart flutter or race after a night of drinking? This could be a sign of an alcohol-induced arrhythmia, or irregular heartbeat. Binge drinking can trigger these short-term heart rhythm problems, a phenomenon sometimes called “holiday heart syndrome” because doctors often see a spike in cases after holidays associated with heavy drinking. While it can happen to anyone, it’s a clear signal that alcohol is directly interfering with your heart’s electrical system. For some, it can even lead to more persistent conditions like atrial fibrillation (AFib), which further increases the risk of stroke.

Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy: A Serious Risk

Beyond the immediate effects on heart rate and blood pressure, long-term heavy drinking can lead to a severe condition known as alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM). This is a form of heart disease where alcohol’s toxic effects directly damage and weaken the heart muscle. It’s a serious diagnosis, but it’s also one where your actions can make a huge difference. Understanding what it is, recognizing the symptoms, and knowing the treatment options are crucial for protecting your heart from this preventable condition. It’s a powerful reminder of how deeply our lifestyle choices can impact our physical health.

What It Is and How It Develops

Alcoholic cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle caused by prolonged, excessive alcohol consumption. According to the Cleveland Clinic, alcohol weakens the heart muscle, causing it to stretch and enlarge. This makes it much harder for the heart to pump blood effectively to the rest of the body. Over time, this inefficiency can lead to heart failure and other life-threatening complications. It doesn’t happen overnight, but rather develops gradually as the cumulative damage from alcohol takes its toll on one of your body’s most vital organs.

Common Symptoms of ACM

Because alcoholic cardiomyopathy develops over time, the initial symptoms can be subtle and easy to dismiss. However, as the heart muscle weakens, you might start to notice more pronounced signs. Common symptoms include shortness of breath (especially with physical activity), fatigue, weakness, swelling in the legs and feet, and chest pain. You might also experience dizziness or a persistent cough. If you are a regular drinker and notice any of these symptoms, it’s essential to speak with a doctor. Paying attention to your body’s signals is the first step toward getting the help you need.

Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment

The good news about alcoholic cardiomyopathy is that the heart muscle can often recover if the condition is caught early enough. The most critical step in treatment is to stop drinking alcohol completely. For many people, this alone is enough to see significant improvements or even a full recovery. Making such a profound lifestyle change can feel daunting, but it is the single most powerful action you can take for your heart health. Embracing a path of mindful drinking or sobriety gives your body the best possible chance to heal and repair the damage.

Gender Differences: Why Women Are More Susceptible

When it comes to alcohol and heart health, the risks are not the same for everyone. Research shows that women may be more vulnerable to the toxic effects of alcohol on the heart. In fact, women can develop alcoholic cardiomyopathy after consuming less alcohol and over shorter periods compared to men. This increased susceptibility is thought to be due to several factors, including differences in body composition, hormones, and how women metabolize alcohol. This highlights why it’s so important for women to be particularly mindful of their consumption and to understand that even moderate amounts of alcohol can pose a significant risk to their long-term heart health.

What New Research Says About Alcohol's Effects on the Heart

While it’s been previously established that quitting or cutting back on alcohol improves heart health, the truth is that heart damage from alcohol consumption continues to be a public health issue. Two new animal studies looked at factors that could help protect against cardiovascular damage from alcohol, namely Alda-1 (a chemical activator) and estrogen (a hormone). Let’s take a closer look:

The "Moderate Drinking" Debate: Is Any Amount Safe?

While the studies on Alda-1 and estrogen offer new insights, they also bring us back to a bigger question: Is there any truly safe amount of alcohol? For years, the idea of "moderate drinking" has been a hot topic, with some studies suggesting benefits while others highlight the risks. Let's clear up some of the confusion, starting with that famous glass of red wine.

Revisiting the Red Wine Myth

We’ve all heard the one about red wine being a heart-healthy choice. The idea comes from the fact that red wine contains antioxidants and that moderate drinking might slightly increase "good" cholesterol (HDL). However, the science isn't that simple. It's difficult to prove that alcohol is the direct cause of these benefits. People who drink moderately often have other healthy habits, like eating a balanced diet or exercising regularly, which could be the real reason for their better heart health. Plus, you can get those same powerful antioxidants from foods like blueberries, dark chocolate, and spinach — without any of the negative effects of alcohol. Exploring mindful drinking can help you re-evaluate habits and find healthier ways to unwind and care for your body.

Why Newer Studies Show a Different Picture

While the red wine theory is shaky, newer research paints a much clearer picture of the risks, especially with heavy consumption. Consistent heavy drinking (four or more drinks per day) and binge drinking are directly linked to a higher risk for numerous heart problems. This happens because alcohol increases inflammation and oxidative stress, which damages your cells over time. Interestingly, alcohol can affect men and women differently; some research suggests women may experience certain effects at lower consumption levels. The most consistent finding, however, is that binge drinking is particularly harmful, significantly raising the risk for high blood pressure, stroke, and heart attack. Understanding your blood alcohol content can help you recognize risky drinking patterns and make more informed choices for your health.

1. How Alda-1 May Protect the Heart

Previous research found that binge drinking increases a stress-related protein in the heart known as JNK2. This protein disrupts how our heart cells handle calcium (which is essential for helping our heart muscles contract), leading to irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmia).

This new study looked at how aldehyde dehydrogenase activator 1 (Alda-1) could prevent the activation of this stress protein. Alda-1 is a chemical compound that increases the activity of the ALDH2 enzyme (a main enzyme that helps break down alcohol). 

To test this, researchers separated mice into three groups. Two groups of mice were given every-other-day doses of alcohol to mimic binge drinking with only one group given Alda-1. The last group wasn’t exposed to alcohol or given Alda-1. They found that the mice exposed to alcohol had almost double the level of JNK2 (the stress-related protein) than the group that wasn’t. The study also found that more than 70% of the mice that weren’t given Alda-1 developed atrial fibrillation (Afib) compared to none in the group given Alda-1. 

Although this animal study may not be able to account for the complexities of binge drinking in humans, it does reaffirm the direct link between alcohol and Afib, and paves the way for additional research on using Alda-1 to protect us from alcohol-related heart issues. 

2. Estrogen's Role in Heart Protection

Another recent study looked at the potential link between estrogen and alcohol-related heart issues. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) reports that alcohol consumption disproportionately affects heart health in women. Could estrogen be the reason?

To answer this question, researchers used female rats with their ovaries removed, which simulates menopause (when the ovaries produce little to no estrogen). All of the mice were exposed to alcohol, but some were given an estrogen replacement. 

They found that the group given the estrogen replacement had more weight gain and fat mass as well as higher blood pressure and heart rate — all factors that impact heart health. This group also saw a greater impact on the heart’s ability to pump oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body and greater disruption to the circadian clock proteins (which regulate heart function and other bodily processes). 

These findings show that estrogen is a significant factor in increased heart-related issues from alcohol in women. This fact serves as a reminder that women may need to take greater precautions, but it also leaves room for additional research on the prevention of alcohol-related heart problems for women and men. 

Both studies were aimed at examining specific protective factors against alcohol-related heart issues (that weren’t quitting or cutting back on alcohol), The studies acknowledged that quitting or cutting back has significant positive impacts on heart health. Let’s explore other ways we can maintain a healthy heart.

Boosting Heart Health 

Actionable Steps for a Healthier Heart

Positive habits may not be able to completely prevent heart disease, but they can make a big difference in boosting our overall heart health. Here are some practices we can implement:

  • Maintain a healthy weight. Avoid empty calories from alcohol and stay active to maintain a healthy weight. This puts less stress on our heart, which helps prevent disease and dysfunction. 
  • Eat a healthy diet. A balanced plate with healthy fats, whole grains, lots of fruits and vegetables, and lean proteins helps us keep our cholesterol and blood pressure down, helping our heart function optimally. Limit highly processed foods that are high in sugar, fat, or sodium.
  • Eliminate toxic substances. Toxic substances such as alcohol, nicotine, other drugs, and even synthetic fragrances can directly impact heart health and function. Quit or cut back on alcohol and other drugs and reach out for support to start working towards a healthier future.
  • Manage stress. Stress can cause inflammation, high blood pressure, and a heightened heart rate — all impacting proper heart function. Try stress-reducing activities such as gentle movement, spending time in nature, meditating, or journaling. 
  • Get enough sleep. When we don’t get enough sleep, our hormones can get out of whack, we can be more stressed, and our blood pressure may rise, impacting heart function. To get more restorative sleep check out these tips on “Healthy Sleep Hygiene Habits for More Restful Nights.”

While research on using Alda-1 and knowledge on estrogen to treat alcohol-related heart issues is still in its early stages, these tips can help us maintain a healthy heart based on what we know now. As the anonymous saying goes, “The road to a healthy heart is paved with good intentions and positive choices.” And with every new day, we have a chance to make those positive choices!

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### Prevention: The Safest Approach

When it comes to protecting your heart from the effects of alcohol, the most effective strategy is prevention. While many discussions center on moderation, it’s important to be clear about what offers the most complete protection. According to the Cleveland Clinic, the best way to prevent alcohol-induced heart damage is to drink only in moderation, but to completely prevent it, the only way is to not drink alcohol at all. This isn't about judgment; it's about understanding the risks and making informed choices for your long-term health. For some, this might mean cutting back significantly, while for others, especially those with pre-existing health concerns, avoiding alcohol altogether is the safest path forward for maintaining a strong and healthy heart.

Who Should Avoid Alcohol Completely?

While anyone can benefit from reducing their alcohol intake, some people should avoid it entirely for their heart's sake. As experts at Johns Hopkins Medicine point out, this includes individuals with certain heart rhythm problems (like AFib) or those who have been diagnosed with heart failure. Drinking can worsen these conditions, putting unnecessary strain on an already vulnerable cardiovascular system. If you have a history of high blood pressure, cardiomyopathy, or other heart-related issues, alcohol can complicate your health management and counteract the benefits of medications or lifestyle changes. It’s always best to have an open conversation with your doctor about your alcohol consumption and any personal health risks you may have.

Recovery: How Your Heart Heals

The good news is that the heart has an incredible capacity for healing. If you’ve been a heavy drinker, stopping can give your heart the break it needs to recover. Your potential for recovery often depends on how much and for how long you drank, but quitting alcohol completely gives you the best chance for improvement, especially if the damage isn't severe. You might be surprised by how quickly your body begins to respond. Within just a few weeks of stopping, your blood pressure can start to decrease, and your heart rhythm can become more stable. This often leads to a reduction in the feelings of anxiety that can come with a racing heart, marking the first step on a positive path to better health.

The Timeline for Improvement After Quitting

The benefits of quitting alcohol begin to appear sooner than you might think. As mentioned, blood pressure can improve within weeks. This is a bigger deal than it sounds — research shows that even a small increase in blood pressure can significantly raise the risk of stroke and coronary artery disease. As your body continues to heal, more substantial changes take place. Most people who stop drinking report feeling significantly better within three to six months as their heart muscle strengthens and functions more efficiently. This timeline is a powerful reminder that positive change is not only possible but can happen relatively quickly, with each alcohol-free day contributing to a healthier future.

Tools to Support Your Health Goals

Deciding to change your relationship with alcohol is a huge step, and you don’t have to do it alone. Embracing positive habits can make a major difference in your overall heart health. This is where practices like mindful drinking come in, helping you become more aware of your consumption and make intentional choices. For structured support, apps like Reframe are designed to guide you through this process. Using a neuroscience-based approach, Reframe provides daily education, progress tracking, and access to a supportive community of people on the same journey. Having a toolkit of resources makes it easier to build new, healthier habits and stick with them for the long haul, empowering you to take control of your well-being.

Making Informed Choices for Your Heart

Alcohol and heart disease have a direct link, but recent research found promising results in terms of possibly preventing alcohol’s detrimental effects on our cardiovascular health. But, at the end of the day, nothing is as effective as limiting or eliminating the substance that’s causing the issue. Let’s do our part in caring for our heart by quitting or cutting back on alcohol! 

Frequently Asked Questions

So, is the idea that a glass of red wine is good for my heart completely a myth? While red wine does contain antioxidants, the notion that it's a heart-healthy choice is largely misleading. The potential harm from the alcohol itself often negates any minor benefits from those antioxidants. You can get the same protective compounds from foods like berries, nuts, and dark chocolate without any of the associated risks, like high blood pressure or an increased risk of irregular heartbeat.

If I've been drinking for a while, is it too late to reverse the damage to my heart? Not at all. The heart has a remarkable ability to heal. For many people, especially if the damage isn't severe, quitting alcohol can lead to significant improvements. You might notice your blood pressure starting to lower within a few weeks, and over several months, your heart muscle can strengthen and function more efficiently. The most powerful step you can take for your heart's recovery is to reduce or stop your alcohol intake.

What are some early signs that my drinking might be affecting my heart? Some of the first signals can be subtle. You might notice your heart racing or fluttering after a night of drinking, a phenomenon sometimes called "holiday heart syndrome." Other signs can include feeling easily fatigued, experiencing shortness of breath during light physical activity, or noticing swelling in your legs and feet. These are your body's ways of telling you that your heart is under strain.

I only drink on weekends, but it's usually more than one or two drinks. Is that still risky for my heart? Yes, that pattern, often called binge drinking, is particularly stressful for your cardiovascular system. It can cause sudden spikes in blood pressure and trigger irregular heart rhythms. Even if you don't drink daily, concentrating your alcohol consumption into one or two days a week can significantly increase your short-term risk for a stroke or heart attack. Consistency matters, and heavy drinking on any day puts a direct strain on your heart.

Why does alcohol seem to affect women's heart health more than men's? Research shows that women can develop alcohol-related heart problems, like alcoholic cardiomyopathy, after consuming less alcohol over a shorter period than men. This increased vulnerability is linked to differences in body composition, hormones, and how women's bodies process alcohol. It means that even moderate amounts of alcohol can pose a greater risk to a woman's long-term heart health, making it especially important to be mindful of consumption.

Key Takeaways

  • That "Healthy" Glass of Wine Isn't Helping Your Heart: The popular belief that a little alcohol is good for you is misleading. The risks to your heart, like high blood pressure and irregular rhythms, are significant, while the antioxidant benefits are minimal and better found in foods like berries and dark chocolate.
  • Alcohol Puts Direct Strain on Your Heart Muscle: Consistent, heavy drinking can weaken and damage your heart muscle over time, leading to a serious condition called alcoholic cardiomyopathy that makes it much harder for your heart to pump blood effectively.
  • Your Heart Can Bounce Back When You Stop Drinking: The heart has a remarkable ability to heal. The most powerful action you can take for your cardiovascular health is to cut back or stop drinking, with positive changes like lower blood pressure often appearing within just a few weeks.

Related Articles

We've all heard the advice: a daily glass of red wine is good for your heart. It's a comforting thought, right? But the science tells a different story. While wine does contain antioxidants, the negative alcohol effect on heart health often cancels out any potential benefits. You can get those same powerful antioxidants from berries, nuts, and even dark chocolate—without the toxic side effects. In fact, recent research has debunked this common myth, showing that even small amounts of alcohol can be harmful. Understanding the full picture of alcohol's effects on the heart is the first step to making truly healthy choices.

So, what are the new studies on alcohol and heart health all about? In two recent studies, researchers looked into two compounds (which we’ll get into later) to see how they impact alcohol-related heart issues. But first, let’s examine what we already know.

How Does Alcohol Affect Heart Health?

A glass of whiskey beside a heart-shaped stethoscope

Our heart is the core of our body function. After all, it keeps us alive! But alcohol, which is so normalized in our social culture, is directly linked to many heart issues:

  • High blood pressure. Regular drinking increases blood pressure, which in turn increases the risk of heart attack and stroke.
  • Atrial fibrillation (AFib). Alcohol impacts electrolyte balance and heart rate. Long-term alcohol use can also cause structural changes such as thickening and scarring of the heart muscle, increasing the risk of irregular heartbeat, known as AFib.
  • Cardiomyopathy. Regular drinking can damage the heart muscle over time. The damage makes it difficult for our heart to pump blood, and when it can’t do this efficiently, the heart can start to expand, thinning and weakening the heart, causing a condition called cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy can lead to heart dysfunction and even heart failure. 
  • Tachycardia. Alcohol may be a depressant, but for multiple reasons it can cause a rapid heartbeat known as tachycardia. It dilates our blood vessels, slows down breathing, and impacts the signals that tell our heart to contract, making our heart work harder to circulate blood.
  • Stroke. AFib increases the risk of blood clots in the heart. If the clot moves up to the brain, it can lead to stroke. Research shows that people with AFib are five times more likely to have a stroke.

So, it’s clear that alcohol and poor heart health are directly tied, but what does the latest research tell us? 

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First, Let's Define the Terms

Before we get into the specifics of how alcohol affects the heart, it’s helpful to be on the same page about what the terms we hear actually mean. When a study talks about “moderate” or “heavy” drinking, what does that look like in the real world? And what exactly counts as “one drink”? The answers might surprise you, especially since a generous pour at home or a craft beer at a brewery can often contain much more alcohol than the standard measurement. Let’s clear up the confusion so we can have a more honest conversation about our habits and their impact on our health.

What Is a "Standard Drink"?

It’s easy to underestimate how much you’re drinking when serving sizes vary so much. According to health experts at Johns Hopkins Medicine, a “standard drink” in the United States contains about 14 grams of pure alcohol. This is what that typically looks like: 12 ounces of regular beer (at 5% alcohol), 5 ounces of wine (at 12% alcohol), or 1.5 ounces of 80-proof distilled spirits like vodka or whiskey. Keeping these measurements in mind is a great first step toward being more aware of your actual consumption, which is key to making any changes you might be considering for your health.

Moderate vs. Heavy Drinking Guidelines

Now that we know what a standard drink is, let's look at the official guidelines. “Moderate drinking” is generally defined as up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men. Anything beyond that is considered heavy drinking. It’s important to remember that these are just general guidelines. Factors like your age, weight, genetics, and overall health can influence how alcohol affects your body. These definitions aren’t meant to be a permission slip but rather a framework to help you assess your own patterns and potential risks to your long-term well-being.

The Direct Impact on Your Heart

While the occasional drink might not seem like a big deal, consistent or heavy alcohol use can put significant strain on your cardiovascular system. Over time, this can lead to serious and sometimes irreversible damage. The heart is a muscle, and just like any other muscle in your body, it’s vulnerable to the toxic effects of alcohol. From raising your blood pressure to disrupting your heart’s natural rhythm, alcohol creates a ripple effect of health issues that directly compromise the organ working tirelessly to keep you alive. Let’s look at some of the most common ways alcohol directly impacts your heart.

High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)

One of the most well-documented effects of alcohol on the heart is its ability to raise blood pressure. Heavy drinking can lead to hypertension, a condition where the force of blood against your artery walls is consistently too high. This forces your heart to work harder to pump blood throughout your body, which can weaken the heart muscle over time. High blood pressure is a major risk factor for both heart attacks and strokes, making it a serious concern for anyone who drinks regularly. Reducing your alcohol intake is one of the most effective lifestyle changes you can make to help manage your blood pressure.

Increased Stroke Risk

The link between alcohol and stroke risk is closely tied to its effects on blood pressure and heart rhythm. Binge drinking, in particular, has been shown to significantly increase the risk of a cardiovascular event like a heart attack or stroke, especially in the 24 hours following consumption. This happens because heavy drinking can contribute to the development of blood clots, and if a clot travels to the brain, it can cause a stroke. By putting a strain on the entire cardiovascular system, excessive alcohol use creates a dangerous environment where the risk of a life-altering event is much higher.

Irregular Heart Rhythms and "Holiday Heart Syndrome"

Have you ever felt your heart flutter or race after a night of drinking? This could be a sign of an alcohol-induced arrhythmia, or irregular heartbeat. Binge drinking can trigger these short-term heart rhythm problems, a phenomenon sometimes called “holiday heart syndrome” because doctors often see a spike in cases after holidays associated with heavy drinking. While it can happen to anyone, it’s a clear signal that alcohol is directly interfering with your heart’s electrical system. For some, it can even lead to more persistent conditions like atrial fibrillation (AFib), which further increases the risk of stroke.

Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy: A Serious Risk

Beyond the immediate effects on heart rate and blood pressure, long-term heavy drinking can lead to a severe condition known as alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM). This is a form of heart disease where alcohol’s toxic effects directly damage and weaken the heart muscle. It’s a serious diagnosis, but it’s also one where your actions can make a huge difference. Understanding what it is, recognizing the symptoms, and knowing the treatment options are crucial for protecting your heart from this preventable condition. It’s a powerful reminder of how deeply our lifestyle choices can impact our physical health.

What It Is and How It Develops

Alcoholic cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle caused by prolonged, excessive alcohol consumption. According to the Cleveland Clinic, alcohol weakens the heart muscle, causing it to stretch and enlarge. This makes it much harder for the heart to pump blood effectively to the rest of the body. Over time, this inefficiency can lead to heart failure and other life-threatening complications. It doesn’t happen overnight, but rather develops gradually as the cumulative damage from alcohol takes its toll on one of your body’s most vital organs.

Common Symptoms of ACM

Because alcoholic cardiomyopathy develops over time, the initial symptoms can be subtle and easy to dismiss. However, as the heart muscle weakens, you might start to notice more pronounced signs. Common symptoms include shortness of breath (especially with physical activity), fatigue, weakness, swelling in the legs and feet, and chest pain. You might also experience dizziness or a persistent cough. If you are a regular drinker and notice any of these symptoms, it’s essential to speak with a doctor. Paying attention to your body’s signals is the first step toward getting the help you need.

Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment

The good news about alcoholic cardiomyopathy is that the heart muscle can often recover if the condition is caught early enough. The most critical step in treatment is to stop drinking alcohol completely. For many people, this alone is enough to see significant improvements or even a full recovery. Making such a profound lifestyle change can feel daunting, but it is the single most powerful action you can take for your heart health. Embracing a path of mindful drinking or sobriety gives your body the best possible chance to heal and repair the damage.

Gender Differences: Why Women Are More Susceptible

When it comes to alcohol and heart health, the risks are not the same for everyone. Research shows that women may be more vulnerable to the toxic effects of alcohol on the heart. In fact, women can develop alcoholic cardiomyopathy after consuming less alcohol and over shorter periods compared to men. This increased susceptibility is thought to be due to several factors, including differences in body composition, hormones, and how women metabolize alcohol. This highlights why it’s so important for women to be particularly mindful of their consumption and to understand that even moderate amounts of alcohol can pose a significant risk to their long-term heart health.

What New Research Says About Alcohol's Effects on the Heart

While it’s been previously established that quitting or cutting back on alcohol improves heart health, the truth is that heart damage from alcohol consumption continues to be a public health issue. Two new animal studies looked at factors that could help protect against cardiovascular damage from alcohol, namely Alda-1 (a chemical activator) and estrogen (a hormone). Let’s take a closer look:

The "Moderate Drinking" Debate: Is Any Amount Safe?

While the studies on Alda-1 and estrogen offer new insights, they also bring us back to a bigger question: Is there any truly safe amount of alcohol? For years, the idea of "moderate drinking" has been a hot topic, with some studies suggesting benefits while others highlight the risks. Let's clear up some of the confusion, starting with that famous glass of red wine.

Revisiting the Red Wine Myth

We’ve all heard the one about red wine being a heart-healthy choice. The idea comes from the fact that red wine contains antioxidants and that moderate drinking might slightly increase "good" cholesterol (HDL). However, the science isn't that simple. It's difficult to prove that alcohol is the direct cause of these benefits. People who drink moderately often have other healthy habits, like eating a balanced diet or exercising regularly, which could be the real reason for their better heart health. Plus, you can get those same powerful antioxidants from foods like blueberries, dark chocolate, and spinach — without any of the negative effects of alcohol. Exploring mindful drinking can help you re-evaluate habits and find healthier ways to unwind and care for your body.

Why Newer Studies Show a Different Picture

While the red wine theory is shaky, newer research paints a much clearer picture of the risks, especially with heavy consumption. Consistent heavy drinking (four or more drinks per day) and binge drinking are directly linked to a higher risk for numerous heart problems. This happens because alcohol increases inflammation and oxidative stress, which damages your cells over time. Interestingly, alcohol can affect men and women differently; some research suggests women may experience certain effects at lower consumption levels. The most consistent finding, however, is that binge drinking is particularly harmful, significantly raising the risk for high blood pressure, stroke, and heart attack. Understanding your blood alcohol content can help you recognize risky drinking patterns and make more informed choices for your health.

1. How Alda-1 May Protect the Heart

Previous research found that binge drinking increases a stress-related protein in the heart known as JNK2. This protein disrupts how our heart cells handle calcium (which is essential for helping our heart muscles contract), leading to irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmia).

This new study looked at how aldehyde dehydrogenase activator 1 (Alda-1) could prevent the activation of this stress protein. Alda-1 is a chemical compound that increases the activity of the ALDH2 enzyme (a main enzyme that helps break down alcohol). 

To test this, researchers separated mice into three groups. Two groups of mice were given every-other-day doses of alcohol to mimic binge drinking with only one group given Alda-1. The last group wasn’t exposed to alcohol or given Alda-1. They found that the mice exposed to alcohol had almost double the level of JNK2 (the stress-related protein) than the group that wasn’t. The study also found that more than 70% of the mice that weren’t given Alda-1 developed atrial fibrillation (Afib) compared to none in the group given Alda-1. 

Although this animal study may not be able to account for the complexities of binge drinking in humans, it does reaffirm the direct link between alcohol and Afib, and paves the way for additional research on using Alda-1 to protect us from alcohol-related heart issues. 

2. Estrogen's Role in Heart Protection

Another recent study looked at the potential link between estrogen and alcohol-related heart issues. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) reports that alcohol consumption disproportionately affects heart health in women. Could estrogen be the reason?

To answer this question, researchers used female rats with their ovaries removed, which simulates menopause (when the ovaries produce little to no estrogen). All of the mice were exposed to alcohol, but some were given an estrogen replacement. 

They found that the group given the estrogen replacement had more weight gain and fat mass as well as higher blood pressure and heart rate — all factors that impact heart health. This group also saw a greater impact on the heart’s ability to pump oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body and greater disruption to the circadian clock proteins (which regulate heart function and other bodily processes). 

These findings show that estrogen is a significant factor in increased heart-related issues from alcohol in women. This fact serves as a reminder that women may need to take greater precautions, but it also leaves room for additional research on the prevention of alcohol-related heart problems for women and men. 

Both studies were aimed at examining specific protective factors against alcohol-related heart issues (that weren’t quitting or cutting back on alcohol), The studies acknowledged that quitting or cutting back has significant positive impacts on heart health. Let’s explore other ways we can maintain a healthy heart.

Boosting Heart Health 

Actionable Steps for a Healthier Heart

Positive habits may not be able to completely prevent heart disease, but they can make a big difference in boosting our overall heart health. Here are some practices we can implement:

  • Maintain a healthy weight. Avoid empty calories from alcohol and stay active to maintain a healthy weight. This puts less stress on our heart, which helps prevent disease and dysfunction. 
  • Eat a healthy diet. A balanced plate with healthy fats, whole grains, lots of fruits and vegetables, and lean proteins helps us keep our cholesterol and blood pressure down, helping our heart function optimally. Limit highly processed foods that are high in sugar, fat, or sodium.
  • Eliminate toxic substances. Toxic substances such as alcohol, nicotine, other drugs, and even synthetic fragrances can directly impact heart health and function. Quit or cut back on alcohol and other drugs and reach out for support to start working towards a healthier future.
  • Manage stress. Stress can cause inflammation, high blood pressure, and a heightened heart rate — all impacting proper heart function. Try stress-reducing activities such as gentle movement, spending time in nature, meditating, or journaling. 
  • Get enough sleep. When we don’t get enough sleep, our hormones can get out of whack, we can be more stressed, and our blood pressure may rise, impacting heart function. To get more restorative sleep check out these tips on “Healthy Sleep Hygiene Habits for More Restful Nights.”

While research on using Alda-1 and knowledge on estrogen to treat alcohol-related heart issues is still in its early stages, these tips can help us maintain a healthy heart based on what we know now. As the anonymous saying goes, “The road to a healthy heart is paved with good intentions and positive choices.” And with every new day, we have a chance to make those positive choices!

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### Prevention: The Safest Approach

When it comes to protecting your heart from the effects of alcohol, the most effective strategy is prevention. While many discussions center on moderation, it’s important to be clear about what offers the most complete protection. According to the Cleveland Clinic, the best way to prevent alcohol-induced heart damage is to drink only in moderation, but to completely prevent it, the only way is to not drink alcohol at all. This isn't about judgment; it's about understanding the risks and making informed choices for your long-term health. For some, this might mean cutting back significantly, while for others, especially those with pre-existing health concerns, avoiding alcohol altogether is the safest path forward for maintaining a strong and healthy heart.

Who Should Avoid Alcohol Completely?

While anyone can benefit from reducing their alcohol intake, some people should avoid it entirely for their heart's sake. As experts at Johns Hopkins Medicine point out, this includes individuals with certain heart rhythm problems (like AFib) or those who have been diagnosed with heart failure. Drinking can worsen these conditions, putting unnecessary strain on an already vulnerable cardiovascular system. If you have a history of high blood pressure, cardiomyopathy, or other heart-related issues, alcohol can complicate your health management and counteract the benefits of medications or lifestyle changes. It’s always best to have an open conversation with your doctor about your alcohol consumption and any personal health risks you may have.

Recovery: How Your Heart Heals

The good news is that the heart has an incredible capacity for healing. If you’ve been a heavy drinker, stopping can give your heart the break it needs to recover. Your potential for recovery often depends on how much and for how long you drank, but quitting alcohol completely gives you the best chance for improvement, especially if the damage isn't severe. You might be surprised by how quickly your body begins to respond. Within just a few weeks of stopping, your blood pressure can start to decrease, and your heart rhythm can become more stable. This often leads to a reduction in the feelings of anxiety that can come with a racing heart, marking the first step on a positive path to better health.

The Timeline for Improvement After Quitting

The benefits of quitting alcohol begin to appear sooner than you might think. As mentioned, blood pressure can improve within weeks. This is a bigger deal than it sounds — research shows that even a small increase in blood pressure can significantly raise the risk of stroke and coronary artery disease. As your body continues to heal, more substantial changes take place. Most people who stop drinking report feeling significantly better within three to six months as their heart muscle strengthens and functions more efficiently. This timeline is a powerful reminder that positive change is not only possible but can happen relatively quickly, with each alcohol-free day contributing to a healthier future.

Tools to Support Your Health Goals

Deciding to change your relationship with alcohol is a huge step, and you don’t have to do it alone. Embracing positive habits can make a major difference in your overall heart health. This is where practices like mindful drinking come in, helping you become more aware of your consumption and make intentional choices. For structured support, apps like Reframe are designed to guide you through this process. Using a neuroscience-based approach, Reframe provides daily education, progress tracking, and access to a supportive community of people on the same journey. Having a toolkit of resources makes it easier to build new, healthier habits and stick with them for the long haul, empowering you to take control of your well-being.

Making Informed Choices for Your Heart

Alcohol and heart disease have a direct link, but recent research found promising results in terms of possibly preventing alcohol’s detrimental effects on our cardiovascular health. But, at the end of the day, nothing is as effective as limiting or eliminating the substance that’s causing the issue. Let’s do our part in caring for our heart by quitting or cutting back on alcohol! 

Frequently Asked Questions

So, is the idea that a glass of red wine is good for my heart completely a myth? While red wine does contain antioxidants, the notion that it's a heart-healthy choice is largely misleading. The potential harm from the alcohol itself often negates any minor benefits from those antioxidants. You can get the same protective compounds from foods like berries, nuts, and dark chocolate without any of the associated risks, like high blood pressure or an increased risk of irregular heartbeat.

If I've been drinking for a while, is it too late to reverse the damage to my heart? Not at all. The heart has a remarkable ability to heal. For many people, especially if the damage isn't severe, quitting alcohol can lead to significant improvements. You might notice your blood pressure starting to lower within a few weeks, and over several months, your heart muscle can strengthen and function more efficiently. The most powerful step you can take for your heart's recovery is to reduce or stop your alcohol intake.

What are some early signs that my drinking might be affecting my heart? Some of the first signals can be subtle. You might notice your heart racing or fluttering after a night of drinking, a phenomenon sometimes called "holiday heart syndrome." Other signs can include feeling easily fatigued, experiencing shortness of breath during light physical activity, or noticing swelling in your legs and feet. These are your body's ways of telling you that your heart is under strain.

I only drink on weekends, but it's usually more than one or two drinks. Is that still risky for my heart? Yes, that pattern, often called binge drinking, is particularly stressful for your cardiovascular system. It can cause sudden spikes in blood pressure and trigger irregular heart rhythms. Even if you don't drink daily, concentrating your alcohol consumption into one or two days a week can significantly increase your short-term risk for a stroke or heart attack. Consistency matters, and heavy drinking on any day puts a direct strain on your heart.

Why does alcohol seem to affect women's heart health more than men's? Research shows that women can develop alcohol-related heart problems, like alcoholic cardiomyopathy, after consuming less alcohol over a shorter period than men. This increased vulnerability is linked to differences in body composition, hormones, and how women's bodies process alcohol. It means that even moderate amounts of alcohol can pose a greater risk to a woman's long-term heart health, making it especially important to be mindful of consumption.

Key Takeaways

  • That "Healthy" Glass of Wine Isn't Helping Your Heart: The popular belief that a little alcohol is good for you is misleading. The risks to your heart, like high blood pressure and irregular rhythms, are significant, while the antioxidant benefits are minimal and better found in foods like berries and dark chocolate.
  • Alcohol Puts Direct Strain on Your Heart Muscle: Consistent, heavy drinking can weaken and damage your heart muscle over time, leading to a serious condition called alcoholic cardiomyopathy that makes it much harder for your heart to pump blood effectively.
  • Your Heart Can Bounce Back When You Stop Drinking: The heart has a remarkable ability to heal. The most powerful action you can take for your cardiovascular health is to cut back or stop drinking, with positive changes like lower blood pressure often appearing within just a few weeks.

Related Articles

Alcohol & Physical Health Effects
2024-10-17 9:00
Alcohol and Health
Exploring Alcohol's Impact on Cellular Aging
This is some text inside of a div block.

Alcohol damages our cells, leading to premature aging and age-related health issues. Check out our latest blog to learn how alcohol impacts cellular regeneration.

17 min read

Live a Long and Healthy Life With Reframe!

Although it isn’t a treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), the Reframe app can help you cut back on drinking gradually, with the science-backed knowledge to empower you 100% of the way. Our proven program has helped millions of people around the world drink less and live more. And we want to help you get there, too!

The Reframe app equips you with the knowledge and skills you need to not only survive drinking less, but to thrive while you navigate the journey. Our daily research-backed readings teach you the neuroscience of alcohol, and our in-app Toolkit provides the resources and activities you need to navigate each challenge.

You’ll meet hundreds of fellow Reframers in our 24/7 Forum chat and daily Zoom check-in meetings. Receive encouragement from people worldwide who know exactly what you’re going through! You’ll also have the opportunity to connect with our licensed Reframe coaches for more personalized guidance.

Plus, we’re always introducing new features to optimize your in-app experience. We recently launched our in-app chatbot, Melody, powered by the world’s most powerful AI technology. Melody is here to help as you adjust to a life with less (or no) alcohol. 

And that’s not all! Every month, we launch fun challenges, like Dry/Damp January, Mental Health May, and Outdoorsy June. You won’t want to miss out on the chance to participate alongside fellow Reframers (or solo if that’s more your thing!).

The Reframe app is free for 7 days, so you don’t have anything to lose by trying it. Are you ready to feel empowered and discover life beyond alcohol? Then download our app through the App Store or Google Play today!

Read Full Article  →

Maybe you’ve had a long night (or a couple) out with friends and you knock out at night hoping to sleep the effects off and bounce back the morning after. But when you wake up the next morning and catch your reflection in the mirror, your skin is looking a little more tired and dull than usual. The pounding headache and unsettling nausea may have subsided, but the signs of aging don’t appear to be going away. Yes, maybe it’s the years catching up. But what if it’s something deeper? What if every innocent drink is silently fast-forwarding the aging process inside our body?

While we may shrug off the short-term effects of alcohol, the reality is that alcohol’s impact goes far beyond the surface (no pun intended). It damages our health on a cellular level. Let’s take a closer look at how alcohol influences cellular aging, one sip at a time.

What Is Cellular Aging?

Cellular aging is essentially how our cells change as time passes and we weather life’s storms. Our cells lose the ability to function properly as we get older, and since they’re the building blocks of our organs and body systems, cellular aging affects how well our body works over time. Back hurts all the time? Or starting to forget things more easily? These changes can stem from cellular aging.

When our cells age, they can’t perform their jobs as efficiently (just like an old car or phone that’s running out of juice). Cells might divide more slowly, delaying the process of making new cells. They might also not be able to repair damage as quickly and can even stop functioning altogether. This contributes to our body’s overall aging process, leading to signs such as wrinkles, low energy, and a weakened immune system.

This damage builds up over time due to different factors like stress, pollution, or unhealthy lifestyle choices. You might be wondering what alcohol’s role is in this, and that’s what we’re here to find out.

Alcohol and Cellular Aging: The Impact of Alcohol on Cells

Alcohol contributes to aging by damaging our cells. It’s like clicking the fast-forward button on aging. Here’s how:

  • It lets toxins in. Alcohol is like leading toxins into our body by increasing the production of free radicals. These are unstable molecules that damage our cells. When our cells are under attack, they might not function properly. And when our cells don’t work properly, our normal bodily functions won’t be able to either, which is why everyday tasks can get harder as we get older. 
  • Our body goes on the defensive. Ever feel like your face is puffier or you’re more bloated the day after drinking? We have inflammation from alcohol to thank for that. Inflammation is our body’s natural defense response and when we drink, it registers alcohol as a toxin, sending cells to defend us. But instead of repairing our cells and tissues, chronic inflammation damages them, impairing normal functions and accelerating aging by making it harder for the body to repair itself.
  • It damages DNA (genetic information). Drinking is associated with DNA damage due to the toxic compounds the body produces when alcohol is processed in the liver. This explains alcohol’s role in telomere shortening. Telomeres are protein and DNA structures that are like caps on the ends of our chromosomes (structures that carry our genes) and keep them from damage. Telomeres are essential for cell division and get shorter each time a cell divides. Research shows that alcohol is associated with shorter telomeres, interfering with normal cell function and replication and accelerating the normal aging process. Alcohol and DNA damage can also lead to mutations and increase the risk of disease associated with aging.
  • Getting to the bottom of how alcohol causes damage on a cellular level helps us see the bigger picture of its impact on our overall health. But what about some visible signs to look out for?

Getting to the bottom of how alcohol causes damage on a cellular level helps us see the bigger picture of its impact on our overall health. But what about some visible signs to look out for?

Effects of Alcohol on Skin and Aging

Alcohol accelerates aging by damaging our cells, which we’re not able to see (at least not right away). Cell damage can become visible over time through our skin or other noticeable signs of aging. Some visible effects of alcohol’s damage to our cells include: 

  • Premature aging. Alcohol increases dehydration, reducing moisture and elasticity in our skin. This makes it more likely for fine lines and wrinkles to form. Alcohol also impairs the absorption of essential nutrients, which are crucial for not only maintaining healthy skin but also overall cell function. Damage to our cells is what ties together alcohol and premature aging, which not only affects our appearance but also our health in general. 
  • Increased risk of age-related diseases. We may be aware that aging is associated with an increased risk of disease, but it actually stems from damage to our cells and cellular aging. On our skin, we may be more likely to experience rosacea (chronic redness on the face) and spider veins (damaged blood vessels). Alcohol and natural aging can impair immune function, which also increases the risk of many types of cancer. Other age-related diseases that can be worsened by alcohol include cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, liver disease, and cognitive decline. 
  • Reduced recovery. When our cells don’t function properly, cellular regeneration and repair are also impacted. This not only affects skin health but also the repair and maintenance of our organs, tissues, and immune system. It might take longer for our body to heal from a wound or illness, and we can be more susceptible to damage and disease.

Alcohol’s impact on our skin and overall aging is something we might see and feel the days following drinking, but what about in the long term?

How Alcohol Affects Aging in the Long Term

Alcohol hits fast forward on the aging process. And we don’t just see that from the dullness or fatigue that comes the day after drinking, but also in the long term. This is because of how alcohol affects cellular regeneration (replacing or restoring damaged cells). Our cells make up our organs and body systems. So, when cellular regeneration is impacted, our organ function and healing are as well. Have you ever noticed that even something as benign as a head cold seems to hit harder than it did when you were a teenager? Blame it on aging and decreased cellular regeneration. 

Drinking also causes dehydration and depletes essential nutrients, which both contribute to effective cell regeneration. Over time, alcohol can also weaken our immune system, making it harder to fend off illnesses and recover from injuries. 

Chronic drinking damages our cells and immune system, making us look and feel older both inside and out. We may see signs of premature aging and be at risk of alcohol and age-related illness. So, now that we know the significant role alcohol plays in accelerating aging, can we undo the damage?

Can You Reverse Cellular Damage From Alcohol Consumption? 

Damage to our cells from alcohol may be reversed to some degree. When we stop drinking, our body’s natural healing processes can begin to repair our cells and reduce oxidative stress and inflammation.

However, the extent of repair depends on many factors, including how long and how much alcohol we’ve consumed, how old we are, genetic disposition, and our overall health. Chronic alcohol consumption can lead to significant cellular and tissue damage — particularly in organs such as our liver and brain — which may not be reversible. Research is being done on repairing alcohol-induced DNA damage, but for now, the best way to repair your body is to quit the alcohol and develop healthy habits!

Alcohol isn’t the only culprit for premature aging, however. Our cells’ ability to repair themselves is impacted by many factors, including stress, pollution, and our lifestyle choices. So, by making conscious decisions to prevent and improve cellular aging, we might be able to see some improvements!

Tips To Prevent Cellular Aging

Completely reversing cellular damage might not be possible, but taking proactive steps to support our health can make a significant difference in slowing it down. Here are some things we can do:

  • Balance your plate. Nutrient-rich foods, especially those high in antioxidants, help protect our cells from damage. Focus on adding nutrients rather than being overly restrictive, which makes healthy eating more sustainable. 
  • Stay hydrated. Our cells require proper hydration for proper cell function and repair. Drinking plenty of water helps our body detoxify and stay energized. Try filling up your bottle the night before, supplement with some electrolytes or mix it up with sparkling water to increase hydration. 
  • Get regular exercise. Physical activity boosts circulation, improves metabolism, and reduces oxidative stress, which supports cellular health. Talk short walk breaks when you can and find movement you actually like doing to integrate more physical activity into your daily routine. 
  • Get enough rest. Sleep is when our cells regenerate and repair. Prioritizing adequate sleep ensures our body has time to heal. Aim for 7 to 9 hours a night and focus on quality, restorative sleep. 
  • Quit or cut back on alcohol. Eliminating toxins like alcohol helps our cells repair and function to the best of their ability. Track consumption to get a better picture of what your drinking habits look like and set effective goals using the SMART framework. For additional support, try coaching with Reframe!

By integrating these practices, we can improve our health and potentially mitigate some of the effects of cellular damage, helping us live a longer and healthier life.

Tips To Prevent Cellular Aging

Turning Back Time

As we can see, alcohol’s effects on cellular aging go far beyond a dull complexion or a longer recovery time after drinking. The damage goes deeper, affecting our body’s ability to repair and regenerate our cells. While we may not be able to entirely reverse the toll that alcohol takes on our cells, we can take charge of preventing aging moving forward. By making mindful choices such as quitting or cutting back on alcohol, we can slow down the aging process and support our cells in functioning at their best. Here’s to making choices that nourish both our cells and well-being!

Maybe you’ve had a long night (or a couple) out with friends and you knock out at night hoping to sleep the effects off and bounce back the morning after. But when you wake up the next morning and catch your reflection in the mirror, your skin is looking a little more tired and dull than usual. The pounding headache and unsettling nausea may have subsided, but the signs of aging don’t appear to be going away. Yes, maybe it’s the years catching up. But what if it’s something deeper? What if every innocent drink is silently fast-forwarding the aging process inside our body?

While we may shrug off the short-term effects of alcohol, the reality is that alcohol’s impact goes far beyond the surface (no pun intended). It damages our health on a cellular level. Let’s take a closer look at how alcohol influences cellular aging, one sip at a time.

What Is Cellular Aging?

Cellular aging is essentially how our cells change as time passes and we weather life’s storms. Our cells lose the ability to function properly as we get older, and since they’re the building blocks of our organs and body systems, cellular aging affects how well our body works over time. Back hurts all the time? Or starting to forget things more easily? These changes can stem from cellular aging.

When our cells age, they can’t perform their jobs as efficiently (just like an old car or phone that’s running out of juice). Cells might divide more slowly, delaying the process of making new cells. They might also not be able to repair damage as quickly and can even stop functioning altogether. This contributes to our body’s overall aging process, leading to signs such as wrinkles, low energy, and a weakened immune system.

This damage builds up over time due to different factors like stress, pollution, or unhealthy lifestyle choices. You might be wondering what alcohol’s role is in this, and that’s what we’re here to find out.

Alcohol and Cellular Aging: The Impact of Alcohol on Cells

Alcohol contributes to aging by damaging our cells. It’s like clicking the fast-forward button on aging. Here’s how:

  • It lets toxins in. Alcohol is like leading toxins into our body by increasing the production of free radicals. These are unstable molecules that damage our cells. When our cells are under attack, they might not function properly. And when our cells don’t work properly, our normal bodily functions won’t be able to either, which is why everyday tasks can get harder as we get older. 
  • Our body goes on the defensive. Ever feel like your face is puffier or you’re more bloated the day after drinking? We have inflammation from alcohol to thank for that. Inflammation is our body’s natural defense response and when we drink, it registers alcohol as a toxin, sending cells to defend us. But instead of repairing our cells and tissues, chronic inflammation damages them, impairing normal functions and accelerating aging by making it harder for the body to repair itself.
  • It damages DNA (genetic information). Drinking is associated with DNA damage due to the toxic compounds the body produces when alcohol is processed in the liver. This explains alcohol’s role in telomere shortening. Telomeres are protein and DNA structures that are like caps on the ends of our chromosomes (structures that carry our genes) and keep them from damage. Telomeres are essential for cell division and get shorter each time a cell divides. Research shows that alcohol is associated with shorter telomeres, interfering with normal cell function and replication and accelerating the normal aging process. Alcohol and DNA damage can also lead to mutations and increase the risk of disease associated with aging.
  • Getting to the bottom of how alcohol causes damage on a cellular level helps us see the bigger picture of its impact on our overall health. But what about some visible signs to look out for?

Getting to the bottom of how alcohol causes damage on a cellular level helps us see the bigger picture of its impact on our overall health. But what about some visible signs to look out for?

Effects of Alcohol on Skin and Aging

Alcohol accelerates aging by damaging our cells, which we’re not able to see (at least not right away). Cell damage can become visible over time through our skin or other noticeable signs of aging. Some visible effects of alcohol’s damage to our cells include: 

  • Premature aging. Alcohol increases dehydration, reducing moisture and elasticity in our skin. This makes it more likely for fine lines and wrinkles to form. Alcohol also impairs the absorption of essential nutrients, which are crucial for not only maintaining healthy skin but also overall cell function. Damage to our cells is what ties together alcohol and premature aging, which not only affects our appearance but also our health in general. 
  • Increased risk of age-related diseases. We may be aware that aging is associated with an increased risk of disease, but it actually stems from damage to our cells and cellular aging. On our skin, we may be more likely to experience rosacea (chronic redness on the face) and spider veins (damaged blood vessels). Alcohol and natural aging can impair immune function, which also increases the risk of many types of cancer. Other age-related diseases that can be worsened by alcohol include cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, liver disease, and cognitive decline. 
  • Reduced recovery. When our cells don’t function properly, cellular regeneration and repair are also impacted. This not only affects skin health but also the repair and maintenance of our organs, tissues, and immune system. It might take longer for our body to heal from a wound or illness, and we can be more susceptible to damage and disease.

Alcohol’s impact on our skin and overall aging is something we might see and feel the days following drinking, but what about in the long term?

How Alcohol Affects Aging in the Long Term

Alcohol hits fast forward on the aging process. And we don’t just see that from the dullness or fatigue that comes the day after drinking, but also in the long term. This is because of how alcohol affects cellular regeneration (replacing or restoring damaged cells). Our cells make up our organs and body systems. So, when cellular regeneration is impacted, our organ function and healing are as well. Have you ever noticed that even something as benign as a head cold seems to hit harder than it did when you were a teenager? Blame it on aging and decreased cellular regeneration. 

Drinking also causes dehydration and depletes essential nutrients, which both contribute to effective cell regeneration. Over time, alcohol can also weaken our immune system, making it harder to fend off illnesses and recover from injuries. 

Chronic drinking damages our cells and immune system, making us look and feel older both inside and out. We may see signs of premature aging and be at risk of alcohol and age-related illness. So, now that we know the significant role alcohol plays in accelerating aging, can we undo the damage?

Can You Reverse Cellular Damage From Alcohol Consumption? 

Damage to our cells from alcohol may be reversed to some degree. When we stop drinking, our body’s natural healing processes can begin to repair our cells and reduce oxidative stress and inflammation.

However, the extent of repair depends on many factors, including how long and how much alcohol we’ve consumed, how old we are, genetic disposition, and our overall health. Chronic alcohol consumption can lead to significant cellular and tissue damage — particularly in organs such as our liver and brain — which may not be reversible. Research is being done on repairing alcohol-induced DNA damage, but for now, the best way to repair your body is to quit the alcohol and develop healthy habits!

Alcohol isn’t the only culprit for premature aging, however. Our cells’ ability to repair themselves is impacted by many factors, including stress, pollution, and our lifestyle choices. So, by making conscious decisions to prevent and improve cellular aging, we might be able to see some improvements!

Tips To Prevent Cellular Aging

Completely reversing cellular damage might not be possible, but taking proactive steps to support our health can make a significant difference in slowing it down. Here are some things we can do:

  • Balance your plate. Nutrient-rich foods, especially those high in antioxidants, help protect our cells from damage. Focus on adding nutrients rather than being overly restrictive, which makes healthy eating more sustainable. 
  • Stay hydrated. Our cells require proper hydration for proper cell function and repair. Drinking plenty of water helps our body detoxify and stay energized. Try filling up your bottle the night before, supplement with some electrolytes or mix it up with sparkling water to increase hydration. 
  • Get regular exercise. Physical activity boosts circulation, improves metabolism, and reduces oxidative stress, which supports cellular health. Talk short walk breaks when you can and find movement you actually like doing to integrate more physical activity into your daily routine. 
  • Get enough rest. Sleep is when our cells regenerate and repair. Prioritizing adequate sleep ensures our body has time to heal. Aim for 7 to 9 hours a night and focus on quality, restorative sleep. 
  • Quit or cut back on alcohol. Eliminating toxins like alcohol helps our cells repair and function to the best of their ability. Track consumption to get a better picture of what your drinking habits look like and set effective goals using the SMART framework. For additional support, try coaching with Reframe!

By integrating these practices, we can improve our health and potentially mitigate some of the effects of cellular damage, helping us live a longer and healthier life.

Tips To Prevent Cellular Aging

Turning Back Time

As we can see, alcohol’s effects on cellular aging go far beyond a dull complexion or a longer recovery time after drinking. The damage goes deeper, affecting our body’s ability to repair and regenerate our cells. While we may not be able to entirely reverse the toll that alcohol takes on our cells, we can take charge of preventing aging moving forward. By making mindful choices such as quitting or cutting back on alcohol, we can slow down the aging process and support our cells in functioning at their best. Here’s to making choices that nourish both our cells and well-being!

Alcohol & Physical Health Effects
2024-10-17 9:00
Alcohol and Health
Does Alcohol Slow Healing After Surgery?
This is some text inside of a div block.

Alcohol slows our body’s natural healing process through inflammation and by suppressing immune function. Check out our latest blog to learn the science behind healing.

15 min read

Prioritize Recovery With Reframe!

Although it isn’t a treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), the Reframe app can help you cut back on drinking gradually, with the science-backed knowledge to empower you 100% of the way. Our proven program has helped millions of people around the world drink less and live more. And we want to help you get there, too!

The Reframe app equips you with the knowledge and skills you need to not only survive drinking less, but to thrive while you navigate the journey. Our daily research-backed readings teach you the neuroscience of alcohol, and our in-app Toolkit provides the resources and activities you need to navigate each challenge.

You’ll meet hundreds of fellow Reframers in our 24/7 Forum chat and daily Zoom check-in meetings. Receive encouragement from people worldwide who know exactly what you’re going through! You’ll also have the opportunity to connect with our licensed Reframe coaches for more personalized guidance.

Plus, we’re always introducing new features to optimize your in-app experience. We recently launched our in-app chatbot, Melody, powered by the world’s most powerful AI technology. Melody is here to help as you adjust to a life with less (or no) alcohol. 

And that’s not all! Every month, we launch fun challenges, like Dry/Damp January, Mental Health May, and Outdoorsy June. You won’t want to miss out on the chance to participate alongside fellow Reframers (or solo if that’s more your thing!).

The Reframe app is free for 7 days, so you don’t have anything to lose by trying it. Are you ready to feel empowered and discover life beyond alcohol? Then download our app through the App Store or Google Play today!

Read Full Article  →

You twist your ankle during a morning run, and, after a long day at work, you unwind with a couple of drinks, hoping that’ll help you relax. But a few days later, your ankle still feels sore, and you wonder why it's taking so long to heal. Could those drinks be a part of the problem?

While it might seem harmless, alcohol can slow down the body’s natural healing process in different ways. Whether it’s a minor injury, muscle recovery, or surgery, alcohol has a bigger impact on our recovery than we might think. Let’s understand how alcohol interferes with our body’s ability to heal and what this means for our overall health.

Does Alcohol Slow Healing?

In short, alcohol does slow healing, and it affects the body’s ability to recover in multiple ways:

1. A Damper on Immune Function

A woman is seated in a yoga position

Alcohol impairs our innate and adaptive immune functions, which are two key mechanisms that keep us healthy. Our innate immune system is our body’s first line of defense. It responds quickly to invaders such as bacteria and viruses. Alcohol slows down our innate immune response, leaving us vulnerable to infections. 

It also disrupts our adaptive immune response, which is our long-term system of defense responsible for creating antibodies (proteins that identify and fight germs) and for adapting to fight off future threats. In fact, our body registers alcohol as a threat! So, alcohol's impact on our immune system can lead to a weakened defense against illness, slower recovery times, and increased risk of complications.

2. Increased Inflammation

Alcohol is a toxin that irritates our tissues, causing an inflammatory response. Inflammation is a natural response to injury or infection. It sends a signal to our brain that there’s a problem requiring repair. 

Inflammation is a normal response to injury, as it helps us heal and recover. However, when alcohol is involved, this natural response can go into overdrive. It can cause persistent inflammation, damaging tissues rather than helping them heal. Chronic inflammation can slow down the healing of wounds, injuries, and illnesses.

3. Not Enough Nutrients

Another way alcohol slows down healing is by interfering with our body’s ability to absorb essential nutrients. We might be eating a healthy diet, but our body can’t absorb the nutrients properly. Because alcohol irritates the lining of our stomach and intestines, our body has a more difficult time breaking down and absorbing nutrients from the food we eat. This disruption can lead to nutrient deficiencies and impact our body’s ability to heal. 

Nutrient deficiency affects healing because we might be low in nutrients that play significant roles in cell repair, immune function, and tissue regeneration. For example, alcohol can impact the absorption of vitamin C, which is essential for collagen production. Impaired collagen production, in turn, slows down wound recovery. Alcohol consumption can also impair absorption of zinc, which supports immune function and tissue repair. When nutrients like these aren’t absorbed properly, healing can be delayed. 

4. (No) Rest and Recovery

Last but not least, alcohol impedes recovery by disrupting our sleep. Sleep is a time when our body heals and recovers, and when we drink, our sleep gets thrown off. 

Alcohol disrupts our REM sleep, which is a critical phase of restorative sleep. During this phase, our brain and body undergo essential repair processes, including muscle recovery and repair. When we don’t get enough REM sleep, our healing might take longer.

Alcohol also affects our sleep quality. We might pass out faster due to alcohol’s depressant effects, but once the alcohol is metabolized, we might experience what’s known as the rebound effect. When we drink, we experience a drop in glutamine levels, a neurotransmitter critical for learning and attention. Once alcohol is metabolized, however, our glutamine can spike, waking us up before we get enough restful sleep. Alcohol also interferes with our normal circadian rhythm or natural sleep cycle, causing us to wake up frequently throughout the night. 

Additionally, alcohol acts as a diuretic, causing increased urination and dehydration. When we’re not properly hydrated, our cells can’t work properly, impeding repair and recovery. 

As we can see, alcohol puts a damper on healing and recovery in more ways than one. It negatively affects our immune system, causes inflammation, and impairs nutrient absorption. This makes alcohol and wound healing a tough combo, as well as alcohol and bone healing. Plus, it makes it harder for us to fend off bacteria and viruses, and recover from any illness for that matter. Let’s take a closer look at what this means for our health in the long run. 

Looking at the Big Picture: Long-Term Effects of Alcohol on Recovery

The impact of alcohol can extend far beyond the immediate aftermath of injury or illness. In terms of healing and recovery, the effects can be significant.

  • Damage to our immune system. Over the long term, alcohol weakens our immune system. Regular, excessive alcohol consumption suppresses our immune function, making it harder to fight off infections, recover from illnesses, and heal wounds. Luckily, if we abstain from alcohol, our immune system has a chance to bounce back!
  • Chronic inflammation. Persistent inflammation damages healthy cells, tissues, and organs, and it depletes our immune system’s resources, making it harder to fight off new infections and repair tissue damage. Chronic inflammation also contributes to the development of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, liver disease, and certain cancers, as it damages our organs and tissues at a cellular level. 
  • Nutritional deficiencies. Alcohol impairs nutrient absorption, leading to deficiencies in nutrients that are needed for our body’s healing processes and overall health. These deficiencies don’t impair just short-term healing. Impaired nutrient absorption can lead to fatigue, bone health issues, cognitive decline, muscle weakness, digestive problems, and more. 
  • Cognitive decline. Chronic drinking leads to changes in brain function by damaging our neural pathways, which control how we think and act. This damage impairs cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and processing of information. It can also shrink parts of our brain such as the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for decision-making and impulse control. All of this damage negatively impacts healing, making it difficult to follow through on recovery plans and make good choices about our health.
  • Increased risk of chronic diseases. Regular alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing chronic conditions such as liver disease, cardiovascular issues, and certain cancers, which can complicate healing and recovery. 

Alcohol’s long-term effects on healing and recovery also affect our overall health. Our body’s natural healing process ensures we’re equipped to fight off infections and recover from wounds and illness. Let’s see how we can better support this process.

Tips for Boosting Healing and Recovery 

While we might not be able to prevent all illnesses or recover immediately after injury, boosting our body’s natural healing process can make a significant difference. Here are some steps we can take:

  • Eat a balanced diet. A balanced diet ensures our body gets the nutrients it needs to repair cell damage and support immune function. Try to implement a balanced, anti-inflammatory diet full of whole grains, lean meats, fruits and vegetables, and healthy fats. 
  • Stay hydrated. Hydration is crucial for proper cell function. The US National Academies recommend at least 11.5 cups a day for women and 15.5 cups a day for men. 
  • Participate in regular exercise. Physical activity increases blood flow, reduces inflammation, and boosts immune function, all of which contribute to improved healing and recovery. Find types of movement you enjoy, and before you know it, exercise will become a lifestyle rather than a chore!
  • Prioritize sleep. Sleep is essential for healing and recovery. Aim for at least 7 – 9 hours of sleep a night. Try a quick meditation or switch out scrolling on social media for a book to improve your sleep quality.
  • Manage stress. Stress increases inflammation and impacts our immune function. Integrate stress-reducing activities into your routine, such as meditation, gentle exercise, journaling, and more. 
  • Quit or cut back on alcohol. Alcohol negatively impacts healing in different ways. Quit or cut back by tracking alcohol consumption, setting limits, and seeking professional help if needed. 

By incorporating these practices into our daily life, we can enhance our body’s ability to heal and recover, setting ourselves up for a healthier future.

Healing Ahead

Alcohol doesn’t impact just short-term recovery; but it can also have significant effects on our body’s overall natural healing process. By impairing immune function, reducing nutrient absorption, and prolonging inflammation, it slows down healing and leaves the body more vulnerable to illness. Quitting or cutting back on alcohol can improve our immune function and speed up recovery. Say goodbye to sluggish days and hello to quicker healing and more vitality!

You twist your ankle during a morning run, and, after a long day at work, you unwind with a couple of drinks, hoping that’ll help you relax. But a few days later, your ankle still feels sore, and you wonder why it's taking so long to heal. Could those drinks be a part of the problem?

While it might seem harmless, alcohol can slow down the body’s natural healing process in different ways. Whether it’s a minor injury, muscle recovery, or surgery, alcohol has a bigger impact on our recovery than we might think. Let’s understand how alcohol interferes with our body’s ability to heal and what this means for our overall health.

Does Alcohol Slow Healing?

In short, alcohol does slow healing, and it affects the body’s ability to recover in multiple ways:

1. A Damper on Immune Function

A woman is seated in a yoga position

Alcohol impairs our innate and adaptive immune functions, which are two key mechanisms that keep us healthy. Our innate immune system is our body’s first line of defense. It responds quickly to invaders such as bacteria and viruses. Alcohol slows down our innate immune response, leaving us vulnerable to infections. 

It also disrupts our adaptive immune response, which is our long-term system of defense responsible for creating antibodies (proteins that identify and fight germs) and for adapting to fight off future threats. In fact, our body registers alcohol as a threat! So, alcohol's impact on our immune system can lead to a weakened defense against illness, slower recovery times, and increased risk of complications.

2. Increased Inflammation

Alcohol is a toxin that irritates our tissues, causing an inflammatory response. Inflammation is a natural response to injury or infection. It sends a signal to our brain that there’s a problem requiring repair. 

Inflammation is a normal response to injury, as it helps us heal and recover. However, when alcohol is involved, this natural response can go into overdrive. It can cause persistent inflammation, damaging tissues rather than helping them heal. Chronic inflammation can slow down the healing of wounds, injuries, and illnesses.

3. Not Enough Nutrients

Another way alcohol slows down healing is by interfering with our body’s ability to absorb essential nutrients. We might be eating a healthy diet, but our body can’t absorb the nutrients properly. Because alcohol irritates the lining of our stomach and intestines, our body has a more difficult time breaking down and absorbing nutrients from the food we eat. This disruption can lead to nutrient deficiencies and impact our body’s ability to heal. 

Nutrient deficiency affects healing because we might be low in nutrients that play significant roles in cell repair, immune function, and tissue regeneration. For example, alcohol can impact the absorption of vitamin C, which is essential for collagen production. Impaired collagen production, in turn, slows down wound recovery. Alcohol consumption can also impair absorption of zinc, which supports immune function and tissue repair. When nutrients like these aren’t absorbed properly, healing can be delayed. 

4. (No) Rest and Recovery

Last but not least, alcohol impedes recovery by disrupting our sleep. Sleep is a time when our body heals and recovers, and when we drink, our sleep gets thrown off. 

Alcohol disrupts our REM sleep, which is a critical phase of restorative sleep. During this phase, our brain and body undergo essential repair processes, including muscle recovery and repair. When we don’t get enough REM sleep, our healing might take longer.

Alcohol also affects our sleep quality. We might pass out faster due to alcohol’s depressant effects, but once the alcohol is metabolized, we might experience what’s known as the rebound effect. When we drink, we experience a drop in glutamine levels, a neurotransmitter critical for learning and attention. Once alcohol is metabolized, however, our glutamine can spike, waking us up before we get enough restful sleep. Alcohol also interferes with our normal circadian rhythm or natural sleep cycle, causing us to wake up frequently throughout the night. 

Additionally, alcohol acts as a diuretic, causing increased urination and dehydration. When we’re not properly hydrated, our cells can’t work properly, impeding repair and recovery. 

As we can see, alcohol puts a damper on healing and recovery in more ways than one. It negatively affects our immune system, causes inflammation, and impairs nutrient absorption. This makes alcohol and wound healing a tough combo, as well as alcohol and bone healing. Plus, it makes it harder for us to fend off bacteria and viruses, and recover from any illness for that matter. Let’s take a closer look at what this means for our health in the long run. 

Looking at the Big Picture: Long-Term Effects of Alcohol on Recovery

The impact of alcohol can extend far beyond the immediate aftermath of injury or illness. In terms of healing and recovery, the effects can be significant.

  • Damage to our immune system. Over the long term, alcohol weakens our immune system. Regular, excessive alcohol consumption suppresses our immune function, making it harder to fight off infections, recover from illnesses, and heal wounds. Luckily, if we abstain from alcohol, our immune system has a chance to bounce back!
  • Chronic inflammation. Persistent inflammation damages healthy cells, tissues, and organs, and it depletes our immune system’s resources, making it harder to fight off new infections and repair tissue damage. Chronic inflammation also contributes to the development of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, liver disease, and certain cancers, as it damages our organs and tissues at a cellular level. 
  • Nutritional deficiencies. Alcohol impairs nutrient absorption, leading to deficiencies in nutrients that are needed for our body’s healing processes and overall health. These deficiencies don’t impair just short-term healing. Impaired nutrient absorption can lead to fatigue, bone health issues, cognitive decline, muscle weakness, digestive problems, and more. 
  • Cognitive decline. Chronic drinking leads to changes in brain function by damaging our neural pathways, which control how we think and act. This damage impairs cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and processing of information. It can also shrink parts of our brain such as the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for decision-making and impulse control. All of this damage negatively impacts healing, making it difficult to follow through on recovery plans and make good choices about our health.
  • Increased risk of chronic diseases. Regular alcohol consumption increases the risk of developing chronic conditions such as liver disease, cardiovascular issues, and certain cancers, which can complicate healing and recovery. 

Alcohol’s long-term effects on healing and recovery also affect our overall health. Our body’s natural healing process ensures we’re equipped to fight off infections and recover from wounds and illness. Let’s see how we can better support this process.

Tips for Boosting Healing and Recovery 

While we might not be able to prevent all illnesses or recover immediately after injury, boosting our body’s natural healing process can make a significant difference. Here are some steps we can take:

  • Eat a balanced diet. A balanced diet ensures our body gets the nutrients it needs to repair cell damage and support immune function. Try to implement a balanced, anti-inflammatory diet full of whole grains, lean meats, fruits and vegetables, and healthy fats. 
  • Stay hydrated. Hydration is crucial for proper cell function. The US National Academies recommend at least 11.5 cups a day for women and 15.5 cups a day for men. 
  • Participate in regular exercise. Physical activity increases blood flow, reduces inflammation, and boosts immune function, all of which contribute to improved healing and recovery. Find types of movement you enjoy, and before you know it, exercise will become a lifestyle rather than a chore!
  • Prioritize sleep. Sleep is essential for healing and recovery. Aim for at least 7 – 9 hours of sleep a night. Try a quick meditation or switch out scrolling on social media for a book to improve your sleep quality.
  • Manage stress. Stress increases inflammation and impacts our immune function. Integrate stress-reducing activities into your routine, such as meditation, gentle exercise, journaling, and more. 
  • Quit or cut back on alcohol. Alcohol negatively impacts healing in different ways. Quit or cut back by tracking alcohol consumption, setting limits, and seeking professional help if needed. 

By incorporating these practices into our daily life, we can enhance our body’s ability to heal and recover, setting ourselves up for a healthier future.

Healing Ahead

Alcohol doesn’t impact just short-term recovery; but it can also have significant effects on our body’s overall natural healing process. By impairing immune function, reducing nutrient absorption, and prolonging inflammation, it slows down healing and leaves the body more vulnerable to illness. Quitting or cutting back on alcohol can improve our immune function and speed up recovery. Say goodbye to sluggish days and hello to quicker healing and more vitality!

Alcohol & Physical Health Effects
2024-10-17 9:00
Alcohol and Health
Does Alcohol Affect Tanning? The Surprising Truth
This is some text inside of a div block.

Drinking in the sun increases the risk of skin damage and long-term issues. Check out our latest blog for more info on why alcohol and sun tanning aren’t a good duo.

11 min read

Care for All Aspects of Your Health With Reframe!

Although it isn’t a treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), the Reframe app can help you cut back on drinking gradually, with the science-backed knowledge to empower you 100% of the way. Our proven program has helped millions of people around the world drink less and live more. And we want to help you get there, too!

The Reframe app equips you with the knowledge and skills you need to not only survive drinking less, but to thrive while you navigate the journey. Our daily research-backed readings teach you the neuroscience of alcohol, and our in-app Toolkit provides the resources and activities you need to navigate each challenge.

You’ll meet hundreds of fellow Reframers in our 24/7 Forum chat and daily Zoom check-in meetings. Receive encouragement from people worldwide who know exactly what you’re going through! You’ll also have the opportunity to connect with our licensed Reframe coaches for more personalized guidance.

Plus, we’re always introducing new features to optimize your in-app experience. We recently launched our in-app chatbot, Melody, powered by the world’s most powerful AI technology. Melody is here to help as you adjust to a life with less (or no) alcohol. 

And that’s not all! Every month, we launch fun challenges, like Dry/Damp January, Mental Health May, and Outdoorsy June. You won’t want to miss out on the chance to participate alongside fellow Reframers (or solo if that’s more your thing!).

The Reframe app is free for 7 days, so you don’t have anything to lose by trying it. Are you ready to feel empowered and discover life beyond alcohol? Then download our app through the App Store or Google Play today!

Read Full Article  →

You’re lounging by the pool, the sun beating down, and maybe you have a drink in hand. It seems like a perfect summer day, but while you’re busy relaxing, alcohol might be doing more than just giving you a buzz: it could be sabotaging your skin.

From dehydration to increased sensitivity, alcohol’s effects can turn your tanning session into a recipe for damage. Let’s explore how quitting or cutting back on alcohol can lead to better skin and a healthier glow.

The Science Behind Tanning

A woman in a swimsuit relaxes on a tanning bed

Tanning is our body’s natural response to ultraviolet (UV) exposure. UV rays from the sun penetrate the outer layers of our skin, triggering cells called melanocytes. 

Melanocytes produce melanin, which is the pigment responsible for giving our skin its color. So, we might think we’re just getting a sun-kissed glow from tanning, but it’s actually our body’s way of protecting itself from further damage.

Excessive exposure to UV rays damages skin cells, accelerates aging, and increases the risk of skin cancer. So, although we might be seeking that golden glow or that sun-kissed radiance that says “I just came back from vacation,” it’s important that we understand the long-term effect tanning can have on our skin’s health. 

Alcohol and Suntanning: A Sun-Kissed Hazard

Alcohol and suntanning can be a dangerous combo. This is because of the different ways alcohol affects our skin:

  • It increases UV sensitivity. UV rays damage our skin to begin with, and alcohol only makes it worse. One study showed that alcohol consumption and UV exposure together resulted in greater skin damage, impaired melanin response (the response that the skin uses to protect against UV rays), fewer antioxidants, immune system impairment, and DNA damage. Adding alcohol to our tanning routine makes our skin more susceptible to sunburn, premature aging, and even skin cancer.
  • It dries out our skin. Alcohol is a diuretic, which means it promotes excess water loss, leading to dehydration. This sucks the moisture out of our skin, leading to dry, flaky skin that’s more prone to sunburn and damage from UV rays. The combination of dehydration and a weakened immune response makes our skin more sensitive to UV rays.
  • It impairs our judgment. Drinking dulls our sense of caution and awareness, making us less likely to use or reapply sunscreen, seek shade, or limit our time in the sun, increasing our risk of overexposure to harmful UV radiation. 
  • It impairs recovery. Alcohol interferes with our body’s natural healing processes. This means that if we do get sunburned, our skin takes longer to recover and repair itself, prolonging discomfort. 

Drinking in the sun amplifies the risks of sun damage, leading to long-term skin issues that go far beyond a temporary tan. But there’s even more!

Other Risks of Drinking In the Sun

Beyond the increased risk of skin damage, drinking in the sun can lead to a host of other complications. Be mindful of these risks:

  • Increased dehydration. As we’ve discussed, alcohol exacerbates dehydration, which affects more than just our skin. Dehydration can leave us feeling weak and lightheaded, impacting our comfort and safety. 
  • Risk of heat exhaustion. Alcohol can disrupt our body’s ability to regulate temperature properly. When combined with sun exposure, the risk of heat exhaustion, which causes symptoms such as nausea, dizziness, and a rapid heartbeat, is heightened.
  • Reduced physical coordination. Drinking impairs coordination, which can be further compromised by the sun’s effects. This increases the risk of falls and accidents, especially when we’re engaging in outdoor activities. 
  • Greater fatigue. Alcohol and sun exposure are a recipe for heightened fatigue. Drinking can disrupt our sleep patterns and hydration levels, while the sun’s heat can drain our energy, leaving us feeling even more tired and sluggish.
  • More severe sunburns. Alcohol and sunburns don’t mix well. Alcohol actually increases the risk of sunburns because it decreases the protective effects of the skin’s antioxidant network, which helps neutralize free radicals from UV exposure.

By recognizing the potential dangers and taking proactive steps, we can enjoy our time outdoors while minimizing these health hazards.

Prioritize Health While Having Fun in the Sun

Prioritize Health While Having Fun in the Sun

To keep us feeling our best and minimize the risks associated with alcohol and sun exposure, it’s essential to implement mindful habits. Here are some things we can do:

  • Stay hydrated. Drink plenty of water before, during, and after a day in the sun. This helps counteract dehydration caused by both alcohol and the sun. 
  • Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen. A broad-spectrum sunscreen helps protect us against harmful UVA and UVB rays. Go for sunscreen with a high SPF and reapply every two hours. 
  • Cover up. Wear a hat, sunglasses, or light clothing to shield your skin and eyes from direct sunlight.
  • Seek shade during peak hours. Try to limit direct sun exposure during peak sun hours between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Opt for an umbrella or stay covered up with clothing.
  • Avoid alcohol. Opt for alcohol-free alternatives or hydrating beverages to curb dehydration, help prevent heat exhaustion, and lower risk of skin damage. 
  • Stay moisturized. Applying moisturizer after sun exposure helps replenish hydration in our skin. 

We can still enjoy time in the sun by taking these precautions to maintain our health and well-being. 

A Healthier Glow

As we chase that sun-kissed glow, it’s clear that alcohol and suntanning are a risky combination. The mix of dehydration, increased UV sensitivity, and impaired recovery creates a perfect storm for skin damage and long-term health issues. Instead of risking our skin for a fleeting tan, stay hydrated, use sunscreen, and steer clear of alcohol to enjoy a healthier, more radiant glow. Let’s raise a glass (of water or a refreshing mocktail) to keep our fun in the sun risk-free!

You’re lounging by the pool, the sun beating down, and maybe you have a drink in hand. It seems like a perfect summer day, but while you’re busy relaxing, alcohol might be doing more than just giving you a buzz: it could be sabotaging your skin.

From dehydration to increased sensitivity, alcohol’s effects can turn your tanning session into a recipe for damage. Let’s explore how quitting or cutting back on alcohol can lead to better skin and a healthier glow.

The Science Behind Tanning

A woman in a swimsuit relaxes on a tanning bed

Tanning is our body’s natural response to ultraviolet (UV) exposure. UV rays from the sun penetrate the outer layers of our skin, triggering cells called melanocytes. 

Melanocytes produce melanin, which is the pigment responsible for giving our skin its color. So, we might think we’re just getting a sun-kissed glow from tanning, but it’s actually our body’s way of protecting itself from further damage.

Excessive exposure to UV rays damages skin cells, accelerates aging, and increases the risk of skin cancer. So, although we might be seeking that golden glow or that sun-kissed radiance that says “I just came back from vacation,” it’s important that we understand the long-term effect tanning can have on our skin’s health. 

Alcohol and Suntanning: A Sun-Kissed Hazard

Alcohol and suntanning can be a dangerous combo. This is because of the different ways alcohol affects our skin:

  • It increases UV sensitivity. UV rays damage our skin to begin with, and alcohol only makes it worse. One study showed that alcohol consumption and UV exposure together resulted in greater skin damage, impaired melanin response (the response that the skin uses to protect against UV rays), fewer antioxidants, immune system impairment, and DNA damage. Adding alcohol to our tanning routine makes our skin more susceptible to sunburn, premature aging, and even skin cancer.
  • It dries out our skin. Alcohol is a diuretic, which means it promotes excess water loss, leading to dehydration. This sucks the moisture out of our skin, leading to dry, flaky skin that’s more prone to sunburn and damage from UV rays. The combination of dehydration and a weakened immune response makes our skin more sensitive to UV rays.
  • It impairs our judgment. Drinking dulls our sense of caution and awareness, making us less likely to use or reapply sunscreen, seek shade, or limit our time in the sun, increasing our risk of overexposure to harmful UV radiation. 
  • It impairs recovery. Alcohol interferes with our body’s natural healing processes. This means that if we do get sunburned, our skin takes longer to recover and repair itself, prolonging discomfort. 

Drinking in the sun amplifies the risks of sun damage, leading to long-term skin issues that go far beyond a temporary tan. But there’s even more!

Other Risks of Drinking In the Sun

Beyond the increased risk of skin damage, drinking in the sun can lead to a host of other complications. Be mindful of these risks:

  • Increased dehydration. As we’ve discussed, alcohol exacerbates dehydration, which affects more than just our skin. Dehydration can leave us feeling weak and lightheaded, impacting our comfort and safety. 
  • Risk of heat exhaustion. Alcohol can disrupt our body’s ability to regulate temperature properly. When combined with sun exposure, the risk of heat exhaustion, which causes symptoms such as nausea, dizziness, and a rapid heartbeat, is heightened.
  • Reduced physical coordination. Drinking impairs coordination, which can be further compromised by the sun’s effects. This increases the risk of falls and accidents, especially when we’re engaging in outdoor activities. 
  • Greater fatigue. Alcohol and sun exposure are a recipe for heightened fatigue. Drinking can disrupt our sleep patterns and hydration levels, while the sun’s heat can drain our energy, leaving us feeling even more tired and sluggish.
  • More severe sunburns. Alcohol and sunburns don’t mix well. Alcohol actually increases the risk of sunburns because it decreases the protective effects of the skin’s antioxidant network, which helps neutralize free radicals from UV exposure.

By recognizing the potential dangers and taking proactive steps, we can enjoy our time outdoors while minimizing these health hazards.

Prioritize Health While Having Fun in the Sun

Prioritize Health While Having Fun in the Sun

To keep us feeling our best and minimize the risks associated with alcohol and sun exposure, it’s essential to implement mindful habits. Here are some things we can do:

  • Stay hydrated. Drink plenty of water before, during, and after a day in the sun. This helps counteract dehydration caused by both alcohol and the sun. 
  • Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen. A broad-spectrum sunscreen helps protect us against harmful UVA and UVB rays. Go for sunscreen with a high SPF and reapply every two hours. 
  • Cover up. Wear a hat, sunglasses, or light clothing to shield your skin and eyes from direct sunlight.
  • Seek shade during peak hours. Try to limit direct sun exposure during peak sun hours between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Opt for an umbrella or stay covered up with clothing.
  • Avoid alcohol. Opt for alcohol-free alternatives or hydrating beverages to curb dehydration, help prevent heat exhaustion, and lower risk of skin damage. 
  • Stay moisturized. Applying moisturizer after sun exposure helps replenish hydration in our skin. 

We can still enjoy time in the sun by taking these precautions to maintain our health and well-being. 

A Healthier Glow

As we chase that sun-kissed glow, it’s clear that alcohol and suntanning are a risky combination. The mix of dehydration, increased UV sensitivity, and impaired recovery creates a perfect storm for skin damage and long-term health issues. Instead of risking our skin for a fleeting tan, stay hydrated, use sunscreen, and steer clear of alcohol to enjoy a healthier, more radiant glow. Let’s raise a glass (of water or a refreshing mocktail) to keep our fun in the sun risk-free!

Alcohol & Physical Health Effects
2024-10-10 9:00
Alcohol and Health
Is Alcohol a Carb? The Answer & How to Track It
This is some text inside of a div block.

Alcohol is its own macronutrient but has no nutritional value. Check out our latest blog for more info on what type of nutrient alcohol is and how to keep track of it.

18 min read

Learn To Track Alcohol Intake With Reframe!

Although it isn’t a treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), the Reframe app can help you cut back on drinking gradually, with the science-backed knowledge to empower you 100% of the way. Our proven program has helped millions of people around the world drink less and live more. And we want to help you get there, too!

The Reframe app equips you with the knowledge and skills you need to not only survive drinking less, but to thrive while you navigate the journey. Our daily research-backed readings teach you the neuroscience of alcohol, and our in-app Toolkit provides the resources and activities you need to navigate each challenge.

You’ll meet hundreds of fellow Reframers in our 24/7 Forum chat and daily Zoom check-in meetings. Receive encouragement from people worldwide who know exactly what you’re going through! You’ll also have the opportunity to connect with our licensed Reframe coaches for more personalized guidance.

Plus, we’re always introducing new features to optimize your in-app experience. We recently launched our in-app chatbot, Melody, powered by the world’s most powerful AI technology. Melody is here to help as you adjust to a life with less (or no) alcohol. 

And that’s not all! Every month, we launch fun challenges, like Dry/Damp January, Mental Health May, and Outdoorsy June. You won’t want to miss out on the chance to participate alongside fellow Reframers (or solo if that’s more your thing!).

The Reframe app is free for 7 days, so you don’t have anything to lose by trying it. Are you ready to feel empowered and discover life beyond alcohol? Then download our app through the App Store or Google Play today!

Read Full Article  →

You’re watching an episode of your favorite TV show, Friends, where the gang is gathered at Central Perk. Monica is introducing her latest health-conscious recipe while Joey is just trying to figure out if beer counts as a carb. It’s a humorous moment, but it gets you thinking — how does alcohol fit into your diet?

Alcohol is considered a macronutrient, but it doesn’t fall into the category of carbohydrate, protein, or fat. So, how do we track when we’re counting our “macros” to reach our nutrition goals? Let’s dive into the science behind alcohol and its place in nutrition. Whether you’re a fitness enthusiast or trying to understand more about the effects of alcohol on your health, we’ll help you make sense of it all. 

Understanding Macronutrients

A woman in an orange sweater is holding a calendar

Macronutrients, also commonly referred to as macros, are the building blocks of our nutrition. They are the primary source of energy that we get from food, which includes three main categories: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The other main component of our nutrition is micronutrients. Micronutrients are smaller nutritional categories that include vitamins and minerals. Think of the zinc, magnesium, and potassium in a steak rather than the protein, which is the macronutrient. Micronutrients are no less important, but just needed in smaller amounts. 

The three main macronutrients are essential to our nutrition, as they have different functions. A balanced diet consists of all three:

  • Carbohydrates are our main source of energy. 
  • Protein helps build strong bones and muscles.
  • Fats are essential to cell function and protection of our organs. 

A general breakdown of macronutrients in a balanced diet consists of around 20%-35% of calories from fat, 10-35% from protein, and 45%-65% from carbohydrates. Keep in mind, individual dietary requirements may differ, but this is just a general guideline. We can also adjust our macronutrients based on our goals. For example, if we want to build more muscle, we can increase our protein intake. If our goal is weight loss, we can focus on lowering our carbohydrate intake. Keeping track of our macros helps us reach various health goals. But where does alcohol fit in?

Is Alcohol a Macronutrient?

Alcohol is considered the fourth macronutrient since it’s not a protein, carbohydrate, or fat, but still contains calories that the body burns off. But just because macronutrients are the building blocks of our nutrition, doesn’t mean alcohol should be part of our diet. Unlike the other macronutrients, alcohol has no nutritional value and is not essential to our survival. In fact, alcohol is harmful to our health and is associated with long-term conditions that can even be life-threatening.

So, despite the misleading label of alcohol as a nutrient, specifically a macronutrient, alcohol and nutrition don’t go hand in hand. In fact, research shows that high alcohol intake is associated with poor eating habits and differences in body composition. 

Understanding how to properly track alcohol intake is beneficial to our health. But sometimes when we buy alcohol, nutrition labels aren’t on it, and even if they are, they can be misleading. Let’s learn how to properly track our macros when drinking. 

How Do You Track the Macros of Alcohol?

While alcohol is its own macronutrient, it can be counted as a carbohydrate, fat, or a combination of both depending on the type. This is because carbs provide around 4 calories per gram, and fat provides around 9. From an energy lens, alcohol has 7 calories per gram, which sits in between a gram of carbohydrate and fat. While protein also contains 4 calories per gram, nutritionally, alcohol is closer to carbohydrates or fats. 

Determining the carbohydrates or fats in an alcoholic drink is simple when we know the calories. To track alcohol as a carbohydrate, divide the total calories by 4 (since there’s 4 cal/g of carbs). To track it as a fat, divide the calories by 9. To track alcohol as both a carb and fat, split the calories in half and divide one half by 4 and the other by 9.

When we don’t know the calories, that’s when it gets (just slightly) more complicated. Since alcohol is regulated by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) rather than the FDA (like other food and drinks), nutritional labeling isn’t required. Luckily, we can use the alcohol by volume — ABV — to calculate the macros. Let’s walk through the steps and look at an example:

There are 28.409 grams in 1 ounce. We can take 28.409 grams and multiply it by the number of ounces of alcohol in our drink to get the number of grams of alcohol. The recommended dietary allowance for protein is 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight. We then multiply that by 7 calories in a gram (which is how much alcohol has). Multiply that by the alcohol by volume to get total calories, then split it in half and divide one half by 9 and the other by 4 like we mentioned earlier. Here’s the equation for reference:


  • 28.409 g/oz x ___ oz = ___ g
  • ___ g x 0.8g = ___
  • ___ x 7 cal/g = ____ total cal
  • ___ %ABV x ___ total cal = ___ cal per ___ oz
  • Convert calories into macros

To get a better idea of how it works, let’s use 1.5 oz of 40%-ABV vodka as an example:

  • 28.409 g/oz x 1.5 oz = 42.61 g
  • 42.61 g x 0.8g = 34.09 g
  • 34.09 x 7 cal/g = 238.62 total cal
  • 0.04ABV x 238.62 total cal = 96 cal per 1.5 oz
  • 96/4 = 24g of carbs; 96/9 = 10.6g of fat


It may not be practical to whip out an equation each time we drink, but there are plenty of online calculator tools to help us determine the macros in our drink. If you’re in a pinch or there’s no nutrition label, check out our cheat sheet for a guesstimate.

Macronutrients in Common Types of Liquor

Now, why bother doing all this, you may ask? Well, there are benefits to tracking the macronutrients and calories we get from alcohol. Let’s take a look at what those are.

Benefits of Tracking Alcohol and Calories

The fitness industry commonly uses the term “calories in, calories out.” When it comes to weight loss, tracking calories can be effective. But there’s more to the story. Tracking macros helps us reach other health goals and has additional benefits: 

  • Quality over quantity. Not all calories are created equally. When we focus on the macronutrient breakdown, we take into account the quality of our nutrition rather than just the calories. For example, a cup of plain Greek yogurt with granola may have the same number of calories as a Pop-Tart, but the former has a much more balanced breakdown of macros (protein, complex carbs, healthy fats), whereas the Pop-Tart is not a balanced meal and is mostly fat and carbohydrates (not to mention sugar). Tracking the macros and calories in alcohol helps us gain insight into not only how many calories we’re actually consuming, but also where those calories are coming from.



    Tip: Check out Reframe’s handy alcohol calorie calculator to easily track how many calories you’re getting from alcohol.
  • A tool for different health goals. Whether we’re looking to build muscle, improve our metabolism, lose weight, or ensure we’re eating a balanced diet, counting macros can help us reach certain health goals. 
  • Less restriction. Tracking macros can be less restrictive for some of us. It doesn’t restrict certain food groups like some diets and helps promote the message that all foods can fit into a healthy diet. Since alcohol has calories, it’s important to account for it when tracking macros and calories. 
  • Greater insight. Tracking our macros, like tracking our alcohol intake, gives us greater insight into how our diet affects us. This helps us adjust our nutrition and use it to boost our overall well-being.

Understanding the benefits of tracking macros can influence our choices. Let’s dive into some drink options that may be more aligned with our goals. 

Macro-Friendly Drink Options

At the end of the day, all alcohol is empty calories, but if we do decide to have a drink, we can be mindful of our nutrition by going for more macro-friendly options. Keep these tips in mind the next time you’re choosing a drink:

  • Opt for lower alcohol content. The higher the alcohol content, the more calories a drink has. Go for lower alcohol options such as beer or hard seltzers rather than liquor.
  • Use no/low cal mixers. Mixers such as artificial fruit juices, soda, and syrups can add to the calories in alcohol. Opt for no or low-calorie options such as sparkling water or tomato juice.
  • Go for light beers. Light beers often use fewer grains and additives such as corn or rice to lower the alcohol content and calories.
  • Ask for “skinny” versions of cocktails. A “skinny” version of a cocktail is a lower-sugar or lower-calorie version. The sugar can be replaced with Stevia, sugary mixers may be replaced with soda water, or the alcohol can be replaced with lower-alcohol spirits.
  • Try low-calorie wines. Like light beers, low-calorie wines are made using modifications of the ingredients and fermentation process. The lower sugar and alcohol levels leads to a more macro-friendly wine.

Now that we’re equipped with macro-friendly drink options, let’s explore some practical tips to further manage our alcohol intake and nutrition. 

Tips for Managing Alcohol and Nutrition

Our health consists of many aspects, and what we consume is among the most important. Managing our nutrition and alcohol intake using these tips helps us work towards a healthier lifestyle:

  • Keep track. Tracking, whether it’s our macros for nutrition or our alcohol intake, helps us get a clearer picture of our habits. By gathering this important information, we can develop goals to improve our overall health and well-being.
  • Be intentional. Choose more nutrient-dense dietary options such as whole foods and lots of veggies (with an occasional treat here and there for balance!). When it comes to drinking, set limits, choose low-alcohol options, or better yet, opt for alcohol-free alternatives
  • Avoid empty calories. Empty calories have no nutritional value and increase the chances of weight gain. Quitting or cutting back on alcohol reduces intake of these empty calories. 
  • Stay active. Participating in daily movement has benefits to our physical health, such as improving cardiovascular health and preventing excess fat. It also has positive effects on our mental health such as increasing our confidence and boosting our mood.
  • Develop a support system. Having others we can rely on is important for our mental and social health. Especially during challenging times such as developing a healthier relationship with alcohol or managing our nutrition, social support can serve as motivation and encourage us to continue striving for better. 

Managing our nutrition through tracking alcohol intake is the first step to a healthier lifestyle. We can continue to set ourselves up for success by developing positive skills such as mindfulness, coping mechanisms, and gratitude.

Sipping Wisely

As we can see, understanding where alcohol fits into our nutrition goals isn’t just for fitness enthusiasts. It’s valuable for any one of us looking to make more informed choices. Whether we’re looking to quit or cut back on alcohol or simply aiming to have a more balanced diet, knowing how to track alcohol as part of our macros is a game-changer. So, the next time we’re enjoying a drink, we’ll know exactly how it fits into our plan, making our journey to a healthier, happier lifestyle more manageable. Cheers to more informed choices!

You’re watching an episode of your favorite TV show, Friends, where the gang is gathered at Central Perk. Monica is introducing her latest health-conscious recipe while Joey is just trying to figure out if beer counts as a carb. It’s a humorous moment, but it gets you thinking — how does alcohol fit into your diet?

Alcohol is considered a macronutrient, but it doesn’t fall into the category of carbohydrate, protein, or fat. So, how do we track when we’re counting our “macros” to reach our nutrition goals? Let’s dive into the science behind alcohol and its place in nutrition. Whether you’re a fitness enthusiast or trying to understand more about the effects of alcohol on your health, we’ll help you make sense of it all. 

Understanding Macronutrients

A woman in an orange sweater is holding a calendar

Macronutrients, also commonly referred to as macros, are the building blocks of our nutrition. They are the primary source of energy that we get from food, which includes three main categories: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The other main component of our nutrition is micronutrients. Micronutrients are smaller nutritional categories that include vitamins and minerals. Think of the zinc, magnesium, and potassium in a steak rather than the protein, which is the macronutrient. Micronutrients are no less important, but just needed in smaller amounts. 

The three main macronutrients are essential to our nutrition, as they have different functions. A balanced diet consists of all three:

  • Carbohydrates are our main source of energy. 
  • Protein helps build strong bones and muscles.
  • Fats are essential to cell function and protection of our organs. 

A general breakdown of macronutrients in a balanced diet consists of around 20%-35% of calories from fat, 10-35% from protein, and 45%-65% from carbohydrates. Keep in mind, individual dietary requirements may differ, but this is just a general guideline. We can also adjust our macronutrients based on our goals. For example, if we want to build more muscle, we can increase our protein intake. If our goal is weight loss, we can focus on lowering our carbohydrate intake. Keeping track of our macros helps us reach various health goals. But where does alcohol fit in?

Is Alcohol a Macronutrient?

Alcohol is considered the fourth macronutrient since it’s not a protein, carbohydrate, or fat, but still contains calories that the body burns off. But just because macronutrients are the building blocks of our nutrition, doesn’t mean alcohol should be part of our diet. Unlike the other macronutrients, alcohol has no nutritional value and is not essential to our survival. In fact, alcohol is harmful to our health and is associated with long-term conditions that can even be life-threatening.

So, despite the misleading label of alcohol as a nutrient, specifically a macronutrient, alcohol and nutrition don’t go hand in hand. In fact, research shows that high alcohol intake is associated with poor eating habits and differences in body composition. 

Understanding how to properly track alcohol intake is beneficial to our health. But sometimes when we buy alcohol, nutrition labels aren’t on it, and even if they are, they can be misleading. Let’s learn how to properly track our macros when drinking. 

How Do You Track the Macros of Alcohol?

While alcohol is its own macronutrient, it can be counted as a carbohydrate, fat, or a combination of both depending on the type. This is because carbs provide around 4 calories per gram, and fat provides around 9. From an energy lens, alcohol has 7 calories per gram, which sits in between a gram of carbohydrate and fat. While protein also contains 4 calories per gram, nutritionally, alcohol is closer to carbohydrates or fats. 

Determining the carbohydrates or fats in an alcoholic drink is simple when we know the calories. To track alcohol as a carbohydrate, divide the total calories by 4 (since there’s 4 cal/g of carbs). To track it as a fat, divide the calories by 9. To track alcohol as both a carb and fat, split the calories in half and divide one half by 4 and the other by 9.

When we don’t know the calories, that’s when it gets (just slightly) more complicated. Since alcohol is regulated by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) rather than the FDA (like other food and drinks), nutritional labeling isn’t required. Luckily, we can use the alcohol by volume — ABV — to calculate the macros. Let’s walk through the steps and look at an example:

There are 28.409 grams in 1 ounce. We can take 28.409 grams and multiply it by the number of ounces of alcohol in our drink to get the number of grams of alcohol. The recommended dietary allowance for protein is 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight. We then multiply that by 7 calories in a gram (which is how much alcohol has). Multiply that by the alcohol by volume to get total calories, then split it in half and divide one half by 9 and the other by 4 like we mentioned earlier. Here’s the equation for reference:


  • 28.409 g/oz x ___ oz = ___ g
  • ___ g x 0.8g = ___
  • ___ x 7 cal/g = ____ total cal
  • ___ %ABV x ___ total cal = ___ cal per ___ oz
  • Convert calories into macros

To get a better idea of how it works, let’s use 1.5 oz of 40%-ABV vodka as an example:

  • 28.409 g/oz x 1.5 oz = 42.61 g
  • 42.61 g x 0.8g = 34.09 g
  • 34.09 x 7 cal/g = 238.62 total cal
  • 0.04ABV x 238.62 total cal = 96 cal per 1.5 oz
  • 96/4 = 24g of carbs; 96/9 = 10.6g of fat


It may not be practical to whip out an equation each time we drink, but there are plenty of online calculator tools to help us determine the macros in our drink. If you’re in a pinch or there’s no nutrition label, check out our cheat sheet for a guesstimate.

Macronutrients in Common Types of Liquor

Now, why bother doing all this, you may ask? Well, there are benefits to tracking the macronutrients and calories we get from alcohol. Let’s take a look at what those are.

Benefits of Tracking Alcohol and Calories

The fitness industry commonly uses the term “calories in, calories out.” When it comes to weight loss, tracking calories can be effective. But there’s more to the story. Tracking macros helps us reach other health goals and has additional benefits: 

  • Quality over quantity. Not all calories are created equally. When we focus on the macronutrient breakdown, we take into account the quality of our nutrition rather than just the calories. For example, a cup of plain Greek yogurt with granola may have the same number of calories as a Pop-Tart, but the former has a much more balanced breakdown of macros (protein, complex carbs, healthy fats), whereas the Pop-Tart is not a balanced meal and is mostly fat and carbohydrates (not to mention sugar). Tracking the macros and calories in alcohol helps us gain insight into not only how many calories we’re actually consuming, but also where those calories are coming from.



    Tip: Check out Reframe’s handy alcohol calorie calculator to easily track how many calories you’re getting from alcohol.
  • A tool for different health goals. Whether we’re looking to build muscle, improve our metabolism, lose weight, or ensure we’re eating a balanced diet, counting macros can help us reach certain health goals. 
  • Less restriction. Tracking macros can be less restrictive for some of us. It doesn’t restrict certain food groups like some diets and helps promote the message that all foods can fit into a healthy diet. Since alcohol has calories, it’s important to account for it when tracking macros and calories. 
  • Greater insight. Tracking our macros, like tracking our alcohol intake, gives us greater insight into how our diet affects us. This helps us adjust our nutrition and use it to boost our overall well-being.

Understanding the benefits of tracking macros can influence our choices. Let’s dive into some drink options that may be more aligned with our goals. 

Macro-Friendly Drink Options

At the end of the day, all alcohol is empty calories, but if we do decide to have a drink, we can be mindful of our nutrition by going for more macro-friendly options. Keep these tips in mind the next time you’re choosing a drink:

  • Opt for lower alcohol content. The higher the alcohol content, the more calories a drink has. Go for lower alcohol options such as beer or hard seltzers rather than liquor.
  • Use no/low cal mixers. Mixers such as artificial fruit juices, soda, and syrups can add to the calories in alcohol. Opt for no or low-calorie options such as sparkling water or tomato juice.
  • Go for light beers. Light beers often use fewer grains and additives such as corn or rice to lower the alcohol content and calories.
  • Ask for “skinny” versions of cocktails. A “skinny” version of a cocktail is a lower-sugar or lower-calorie version. The sugar can be replaced with Stevia, sugary mixers may be replaced with soda water, or the alcohol can be replaced with lower-alcohol spirits.
  • Try low-calorie wines. Like light beers, low-calorie wines are made using modifications of the ingredients and fermentation process. The lower sugar and alcohol levels leads to a more macro-friendly wine.

Now that we’re equipped with macro-friendly drink options, let’s explore some practical tips to further manage our alcohol intake and nutrition. 

Tips for Managing Alcohol and Nutrition

Our health consists of many aspects, and what we consume is among the most important. Managing our nutrition and alcohol intake using these tips helps us work towards a healthier lifestyle:

  • Keep track. Tracking, whether it’s our macros for nutrition or our alcohol intake, helps us get a clearer picture of our habits. By gathering this important information, we can develop goals to improve our overall health and well-being.
  • Be intentional. Choose more nutrient-dense dietary options such as whole foods and lots of veggies (with an occasional treat here and there for balance!). When it comes to drinking, set limits, choose low-alcohol options, or better yet, opt for alcohol-free alternatives
  • Avoid empty calories. Empty calories have no nutritional value and increase the chances of weight gain. Quitting or cutting back on alcohol reduces intake of these empty calories. 
  • Stay active. Participating in daily movement has benefits to our physical health, such as improving cardiovascular health and preventing excess fat. It also has positive effects on our mental health such as increasing our confidence and boosting our mood.
  • Develop a support system. Having others we can rely on is important for our mental and social health. Especially during challenging times such as developing a healthier relationship with alcohol or managing our nutrition, social support can serve as motivation and encourage us to continue striving for better. 

Managing our nutrition through tracking alcohol intake is the first step to a healthier lifestyle. We can continue to set ourselves up for success by developing positive skills such as mindfulness, coping mechanisms, and gratitude.

Sipping Wisely

As we can see, understanding where alcohol fits into our nutrition goals isn’t just for fitness enthusiasts. It’s valuable for any one of us looking to make more informed choices. Whether we’re looking to quit or cut back on alcohol or simply aiming to have a more balanced diet, knowing how to track alcohol as part of our macros is a game-changer. So, the next time we’re enjoying a drink, we’ll know exactly how it fits into our plan, making our journey to a healthier, happier lifestyle more manageable. Cheers to more informed choices!

Alcohol & Physical Health Effects
2024-10-10 9:00
Alcohol and Health
What Is Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium?
This is some text inside of a div block.

Delirium tremens during alcohol withdrawal can be life-threatening. Check out our latest blog for more info on treating and preventing this critical condition.

18 min read

Prioritize Safety With Reframe!

Although it isn’t a treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), the Reframe app can help you cut back on drinking gradually, with the science-backed knowledge to empower you 100% of the way. Our proven program has helped millions of people around the world drink less and live more. And we want to help you get there, too!

The Reframe app equips you with the knowledge and skills you need to not only survive drinking less, but to thrive while you navigate the journey. Our daily research-backed readings teach you the neuroscience of alcohol, and our in-app Toolkit provides the resources and activities you need to navigate each challenge.

You’ll meet hundreds of fellow Reframers in our 24/7 Forum chat and daily Zoom check-in meetings. Receive encouragement from people worldwide who know exactly what you’re going through! You’ll also have the opportunity to connect with our licensed Reframe coaches for more personalized guidance.

Plus, we’re always introducing new features to optimize your in-app experience. We recently launched our in-app chatbot, Melody, powered by the world’s most powerful AI technology. Melody is here to help as you adjust to a life with less (or no) alcohol. 

And that’s not all! Every month, we launch fun challenges, like Dry/Damp January, Mental Health May, and Outdoorsy June. You won’t want to miss out on the chance to participate alongside fellow Reframers (or solo if that’s more your thing!).

The Reframe app is free for 7 days, so you don’t have anything to lose by trying it. Are you ready to feel empowered and discover life beyond alcohol? Then download our app through the App Store or Google Play today!

Read Full Article  →

Imagine waking up in a whirlwind of disorientation where reality blurs and shadows dance in your periphery. You get up but your room warps into a puzzling landscape, familiar faces morph into strangers, and even the simplest actions become daunting. You’re hoping to snap out of it, but this isn't a scene from a nightmare. It’s the stark reality of alcohol withdrawal delirium, also referred to as delirium tremens (DTs).

DTs is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition that can arise after abruptly stopping heavy alcohol consumption. This form of alcohol withdrawal can plunge us into a state of intense confusion, vivid hallucinations, and erratic physical symptoms. For those looking to quit or cut back on alcohol, understanding DTs is crucial in managing safe detox and recovery. Let's dive into all things DTs to equip you with the tools to confront this challenging aspect of alcohol withdrawal.

Delirium Tremens (DTs): Alcohol Withdrawal’s Most Severe Form

Delirium tremens (DTs), also known as alcohol withdrawal delirium (AWD), is the most extreme form of alcohol withdrawal. It causes severe problems in our brain and nervous system that can be potentially fatal. In those with alcohol use disorder (AUD), about 50% of people experience withdrawal symptoms, and out of those people, 3% to 5% percent experience severe symptoms of delirium tremens. How can we tell DTs from general alcohol withdrawal?

Recognizing Delirium Tremens Symptoms

Symptoms of alcohol withdrawal appear between 6 to 24 hours after drinking, but symptoms of DTs often occur a bit later. They typically appear within three days to a week or more after stopping drinking. Symptoms of DTs include general symptoms of alcohol withdrawal:

  • Agitation and anxiety
  • Fatigue
  • Fever and excessive sweating
  • Nausea and stomach pain
  • Chest pain
  • Sensitivity to light/sound
  • Increased heart or breathing rate

Symptoms more indicative of DTs (and not regular withdrawal) include the following:

  • Delirium (severe confusion and disorientation)
  • Delusions (irrational thoughts)
  • Uncontrolled eye and muscle movements
  • Hallucinations
  • Sensitive startle reflex
  • Seizures
  • Sudden mood changes

If experiencing any severe symptoms, consult a physician and call 9-1-1 for emergency medical treatment. Now that we’ve learned to identify DTs, let’s examine why we experience withdrawal when we quit drinking.

Symptoms of Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium

Causes and Risk Factors for Delirium Tremens

To understand the risk factors for DTs, let’s first take a look at why alcohol withdrawal occurs. When we drink, alcohol excites and aggravates our nervous system, and our body becomes dependent on it over time.

The two main culprits? Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate — two neurotransmitters or chemical messengers in our brain. GABA decreases nerve cell signaling (producing a calming effect) and glutamate increases cell signaling (optimizing brain function for learning and memory). When we drink, alcohol increases GABA and suppresses glutamate, producing the calm, pleasurable feeling we may experience from alcohol. When we stop drinking, GABA levels drop and glutamate is no longer suppressed — prompting our brain to go into a state of overexcitement, causing withdrawal symptoms. 

Since DTs is the most severe form of alcohol withdrawal, it only affects those of us with a history of heavy and prolonged alcohol use. We may develop DTs when we stop drinking or reduce our alcohol consumption too quickly. Certain risk factors can increase our risk of developing DTs, for example if we:

  • Have co-occurring psychiatric conditions
  • Have poor overall health
  • Have a family history of DTs
  • Are older in age
  • Have a head injury
  • Experienced previous withdrawal episodes

While these factors may increase our risk of developing DTs, all heavy, long-term drinkers are at risk. According to the CDC, heavy drinking refers to having 15 or more drinks in a week for men and 8 or more drinks in a week for women. But that’s not all! The CDC also classifies binge drinking as excessive drinking, and it’s actually the most common form of heavy drinking. Binge drinking means having 5 or more drinks in one sitting for men and 4 or more drinks in one sitting for women. 

So, if we do develop delirium tremens, can it be treated? 

Types of Delirium Tremens Treatments 

DTs can be dangerous and even fatal. In most cases, hospitalization is recommended to ensure our safety and manage any complications. Treatment for DTs requires an extensive approach that involves the following methods:

  • Pharmacological treatments. There are no specific delirium tremens medications, but some types of drugs, including sedatives, anticonvulsants, and antipsychotics, are used to treat common symptoms of DTs.
  • Intravenous fluids. This can help ensure hydration during alcohol detox and provide nutritional support. 
  • Treatment for other alcohol-related conditions. Excessive drinking is associated with many health conditions. These include liver disease, cardiovascular disease, GI issues, diabetes, cancer, and more. While DTs is being treated, other alcohol-related conditions may also require management. 
  • Long-term care. DTs occurs after prolonged, excessive drinking, which may indicate alcohol dependence or AUD. Aside from medical stabilization, long-term care including rehabilitation programs and psychological support may be recommended.

There are effective treatments for DTs, but what about complications that may arise?

Transitioning From Active Addiction to Active Recovery

Active addiction, more aptly referred to as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is actively drinking and not being able to quit or cut back despite negative consequences. It differs from active recovery because recovery refers to taking steps to improve our relationship with alcohol even though we may not be sober or completely abstinent. The transition from active addiction to active recovery through these strategies is the first step in developing a healthier relationship with alcohol:

  • Practice self-honesty. The first hurdle is recognizing that we have negative drinking habits. To get a clearer picture, we can track our alcohol consumption and practice self-honesty to make that first step towards change.
  • Find your purpose. One of the main aspects of active recovery is having the mindset to back up our actions. Determining our purpose for recovery can help motivate us to start and maintain recovery.
  • Set realistic goals. Quitting alcohol cold turkey may not be effective and can even be dangerous. Setting small realistic milestones helps make reaching our goals to quit or cut back seem less daunting and more attainable. 
  • Seek support. Recovery isn’t all sunshine and rainbows like sobriety promises to be. However, we don’t have to do it alone. There are many treatment options including behavioral therapies, rehab programs, and peer support groups that we can explore if we need extra support.
  • Actively participate. While we can passively attend treatment programs and support groups, we’ll get the most out of them by actively participating. Ask questions, connect with others, and take initiative for your own recovery! 
  • Build a support network. Professional treatment is beneficial, but so is social support. Reach out to close family and friends and join communities like Reframe to receive and share support from like-minded individuals. 

If we notice that we’re taking more of a passive approach, we can use these same strategies to transition from passive to active recovery.

Complications and Outlook of Delirium Tremens 

Since DTs is caused by heavy alcohol consumption, other complications that are associated with excessive drinking can also occur. Additional conditions that may co-occur and require treatment include the following:

  • Increased risk of falling or injury. DTs manifests in dangerous symptoms such as seizures, hallucinations, and delirium. This greatly increases our risk of falling or injury.
  • Alcoholic cardiomyopathy. This type of heart disease known as alcoholic cardiomyopathy occurs when prolonged alcohol use weakens the heart muscles, affecting their ability to pump blood. It can lead to an irregular pulse, shortness of breath, and disruption of major bodily functions, leading to heart failure and other serious health issues.
  • Alcohol-related liver disease. This is one of the most common conditions associated with excessive alcohol consumption, since our liver is in charge of breaking down and eliminating the toxins from alcohol. Alcohol causes scarring and damage (cirrhosis), which can lead to liver failure and cancer.
  • Alcoholic neuropathy. Prolonged drinking can cause permanent damage to our nerves known as alcoholic neuropathy. Symptoms can include tingling, pain, numbness, and muscle impairments.
  • Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. This disorder is linked to AUD and involves damage to certain parts of the brain. Symptoms include memory impairments, behavioral changes, disorientation, and mobility challenges. 

These additional risks and co-occurring conditions make navigating DTs even more challenging. While DTs can be fatal, luckily there’s a low mortality rate with timely intervention and early medical treatment. 

DTs can be treated, but some symptoms can linger far beyond medical stabilization. Symptoms such as fatigue, insomnia, and mood swings can remain for up to a year or more, a condition known as post-acute withdrawal syndrome. Going through alcohol withdrawal or DTs is no easy feat, to say the least. So, how can we better prevent it from happening?

Tips for Preventing Delirium Tremens and Alcohol Withdrawal

We’ve already completed the first step in preventing DTs — learning about what it is. We can further increase our health and safety by implementing these strategies: 

  • Learn more. Understanding what causes alcohol withdrawal and signs to look out for increases our chances of early intervention. This prevents continued excessive drinking, which can lead to DTs. 
  • Quit or cut back before it becomes heavy drinking. It may go without saying but alcohol withdrawal occurs due to excessive drinking. Quitting or cutting back on alcohol before it becomes heavy drinking not only helps prevent alcohol withdrawal and DTs down the road but also other detrimental health and social effects. 
  • Avoid quitting cold turkey. Suddenly quitting or significantly cutting back can be dangerous. Consult a healthcare provider to find the best course of treatment. It may be a more gradual approach to quitting!
  • Explore supported alcohol detox. Alcohol detox can be done at home (when appropriate and done correctly) but monitored alcohol detox (done in a rehab facility) can more effectively ensure our safety. We’ll receive support with detoxing slowly, be monitored for any complications, and receive other supporting treatments as needed.
  • Seek treatment. We don’t have to wait until we experience withdrawal symptoms to seek support. If we’re concerned about our drinking habits or simply want to develop a healthier relationship with alcohol, there are treatment options that help us intervene early and prevent the dangers of alcohol withdrawal and DTs. 

Early intervention and timely medical treatment are key when it comes to managing and preventing DTs. Developing a better relationship with alcohol can be challenging, but we don’t have to do it alone. Join Reframe’s welcoming community to connect with others who may be going through a similar experience.

Staying on Top of It

Symptoms of delirium tremens can seem like a scene taken right out of a nightmare, but it’s a real occurrence that is caused by stopping alcohol consumption after prolonged, excessive use. Learning to identify symptoms of DTs can ensure we obtain timely medical treatment, greatly increasing our chances of successful recovery. To further improve our health and safety, we can quit or cut back on alcohol. With this knowledge of DTs, we’re better equipped to tackle it!

Imagine waking up in a whirlwind of disorientation where reality blurs and shadows dance in your periphery. You get up but your room warps into a puzzling landscape, familiar faces morph into strangers, and even the simplest actions become daunting. You’re hoping to snap out of it, but this isn't a scene from a nightmare. It’s the stark reality of alcohol withdrawal delirium, also referred to as delirium tremens (DTs).

DTs is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition that can arise after abruptly stopping heavy alcohol consumption. This form of alcohol withdrawal can plunge us into a state of intense confusion, vivid hallucinations, and erratic physical symptoms. For those looking to quit or cut back on alcohol, understanding DTs is crucial in managing safe detox and recovery. Let's dive into all things DTs to equip you with the tools to confront this challenging aspect of alcohol withdrawal.

Delirium Tremens (DTs): Alcohol Withdrawal’s Most Severe Form

Delirium tremens (DTs), also known as alcohol withdrawal delirium (AWD), is the most extreme form of alcohol withdrawal. It causes severe problems in our brain and nervous system that can be potentially fatal. In those with alcohol use disorder (AUD), about 50% of people experience withdrawal symptoms, and out of those people, 3% to 5% percent experience severe symptoms of delirium tremens. How can we tell DTs from general alcohol withdrawal?

Recognizing Delirium Tremens Symptoms

Symptoms of alcohol withdrawal appear between 6 to 24 hours after drinking, but symptoms of DTs often occur a bit later. They typically appear within three days to a week or more after stopping drinking. Symptoms of DTs include general symptoms of alcohol withdrawal:

  • Agitation and anxiety
  • Fatigue
  • Fever and excessive sweating
  • Nausea and stomach pain
  • Chest pain
  • Sensitivity to light/sound
  • Increased heart or breathing rate

Symptoms more indicative of DTs (and not regular withdrawal) include the following:

  • Delirium (severe confusion and disorientation)
  • Delusions (irrational thoughts)
  • Uncontrolled eye and muscle movements
  • Hallucinations
  • Sensitive startle reflex
  • Seizures
  • Sudden mood changes

If experiencing any severe symptoms, consult a physician and call 9-1-1 for emergency medical treatment. Now that we’ve learned to identify DTs, let’s examine why we experience withdrawal when we quit drinking.

Symptoms of Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium

Causes and Risk Factors for Delirium Tremens

To understand the risk factors for DTs, let’s first take a look at why alcohol withdrawal occurs. When we drink, alcohol excites and aggravates our nervous system, and our body becomes dependent on it over time.

The two main culprits? Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate — two neurotransmitters or chemical messengers in our brain. GABA decreases nerve cell signaling (producing a calming effect) and glutamate increases cell signaling (optimizing brain function for learning and memory). When we drink, alcohol increases GABA and suppresses glutamate, producing the calm, pleasurable feeling we may experience from alcohol. When we stop drinking, GABA levels drop and glutamate is no longer suppressed — prompting our brain to go into a state of overexcitement, causing withdrawal symptoms. 

Since DTs is the most severe form of alcohol withdrawal, it only affects those of us with a history of heavy and prolonged alcohol use. We may develop DTs when we stop drinking or reduce our alcohol consumption too quickly. Certain risk factors can increase our risk of developing DTs, for example if we:

  • Have co-occurring psychiatric conditions
  • Have poor overall health
  • Have a family history of DTs
  • Are older in age
  • Have a head injury
  • Experienced previous withdrawal episodes

While these factors may increase our risk of developing DTs, all heavy, long-term drinkers are at risk. According to the CDC, heavy drinking refers to having 15 or more drinks in a week for men and 8 or more drinks in a week for women. But that’s not all! The CDC also classifies binge drinking as excessive drinking, and it’s actually the most common form of heavy drinking. Binge drinking means having 5 or more drinks in one sitting for men and 4 or more drinks in one sitting for women. 

So, if we do develop delirium tremens, can it be treated? 

Types of Delirium Tremens Treatments 

DTs can be dangerous and even fatal. In most cases, hospitalization is recommended to ensure our safety and manage any complications. Treatment for DTs requires an extensive approach that involves the following methods:

  • Pharmacological treatments. There are no specific delirium tremens medications, but some types of drugs, including sedatives, anticonvulsants, and antipsychotics, are used to treat common symptoms of DTs.
  • Intravenous fluids. This can help ensure hydration during alcohol detox and provide nutritional support. 
  • Treatment for other alcohol-related conditions. Excessive drinking is associated with many health conditions. These include liver disease, cardiovascular disease, GI issues, diabetes, cancer, and more. While DTs is being treated, other alcohol-related conditions may also require management. 
  • Long-term care. DTs occurs after prolonged, excessive drinking, which may indicate alcohol dependence or AUD. Aside from medical stabilization, long-term care including rehabilitation programs and psychological support may be recommended.

There are effective treatments for DTs, but what about complications that may arise?

Transitioning From Active Addiction to Active Recovery

Active addiction, more aptly referred to as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is actively drinking and not being able to quit or cut back despite negative consequences. It differs from active recovery because recovery refers to taking steps to improve our relationship with alcohol even though we may not be sober or completely abstinent. The transition from active addiction to active recovery through these strategies is the first step in developing a healthier relationship with alcohol:

  • Practice self-honesty. The first hurdle is recognizing that we have negative drinking habits. To get a clearer picture, we can track our alcohol consumption and practice self-honesty to make that first step towards change.
  • Find your purpose. One of the main aspects of active recovery is having the mindset to back up our actions. Determining our purpose for recovery can help motivate us to start and maintain recovery.
  • Set realistic goals. Quitting alcohol cold turkey may not be effective and can even be dangerous. Setting small realistic milestones helps make reaching our goals to quit or cut back seem less daunting and more attainable. 
  • Seek support. Recovery isn’t all sunshine and rainbows like sobriety promises to be. However, we don’t have to do it alone. There are many treatment options including behavioral therapies, rehab programs, and peer support groups that we can explore if we need extra support.
  • Actively participate. While we can passively attend treatment programs and support groups, we’ll get the most out of them by actively participating. Ask questions, connect with others, and take initiative for your own recovery! 
  • Build a support network. Professional treatment is beneficial, but so is social support. Reach out to close family and friends and join communities like Reframe to receive and share support from like-minded individuals. 

If we notice that we’re taking more of a passive approach, we can use these same strategies to transition from passive to active recovery.

Complications and Outlook of Delirium Tremens 

Since DTs is caused by heavy alcohol consumption, other complications that are associated with excessive drinking can also occur. Additional conditions that may co-occur and require treatment include the following:

  • Increased risk of falling or injury. DTs manifests in dangerous symptoms such as seizures, hallucinations, and delirium. This greatly increases our risk of falling or injury.
  • Alcoholic cardiomyopathy. This type of heart disease known as alcoholic cardiomyopathy occurs when prolonged alcohol use weakens the heart muscles, affecting their ability to pump blood. It can lead to an irregular pulse, shortness of breath, and disruption of major bodily functions, leading to heart failure and other serious health issues.
  • Alcohol-related liver disease. This is one of the most common conditions associated with excessive alcohol consumption, since our liver is in charge of breaking down and eliminating the toxins from alcohol. Alcohol causes scarring and damage (cirrhosis), which can lead to liver failure and cancer.
  • Alcoholic neuropathy. Prolonged drinking can cause permanent damage to our nerves known as alcoholic neuropathy. Symptoms can include tingling, pain, numbness, and muscle impairments.
  • Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. This disorder is linked to AUD and involves damage to certain parts of the brain. Symptoms include memory impairments, behavioral changes, disorientation, and mobility challenges. 

These additional risks and co-occurring conditions make navigating DTs even more challenging. While DTs can be fatal, luckily there’s a low mortality rate with timely intervention and early medical treatment. 

DTs can be treated, but some symptoms can linger far beyond medical stabilization. Symptoms such as fatigue, insomnia, and mood swings can remain for up to a year or more, a condition known as post-acute withdrawal syndrome. Going through alcohol withdrawal or DTs is no easy feat, to say the least. So, how can we better prevent it from happening?

Tips for Preventing Delirium Tremens and Alcohol Withdrawal

We’ve already completed the first step in preventing DTs — learning about what it is. We can further increase our health and safety by implementing these strategies: 

  • Learn more. Understanding what causes alcohol withdrawal and signs to look out for increases our chances of early intervention. This prevents continued excessive drinking, which can lead to DTs. 
  • Quit or cut back before it becomes heavy drinking. It may go without saying but alcohol withdrawal occurs due to excessive drinking. Quitting or cutting back on alcohol before it becomes heavy drinking not only helps prevent alcohol withdrawal and DTs down the road but also other detrimental health and social effects. 
  • Avoid quitting cold turkey. Suddenly quitting or significantly cutting back can be dangerous. Consult a healthcare provider to find the best course of treatment. It may be a more gradual approach to quitting!
  • Explore supported alcohol detox. Alcohol detox can be done at home (when appropriate and done correctly) but monitored alcohol detox (done in a rehab facility) can more effectively ensure our safety. We’ll receive support with detoxing slowly, be monitored for any complications, and receive other supporting treatments as needed.
  • Seek treatment. We don’t have to wait until we experience withdrawal symptoms to seek support. If we’re concerned about our drinking habits or simply want to develop a healthier relationship with alcohol, there are treatment options that help us intervene early and prevent the dangers of alcohol withdrawal and DTs. 

Early intervention and timely medical treatment are key when it comes to managing and preventing DTs. Developing a better relationship with alcohol can be challenging, but we don’t have to do it alone. Join Reframe’s welcoming community to connect with others who may be going through a similar experience.

Staying on Top of It

Symptoms of delirium tremens can seem like a scene taken right out of a nightmare, but it’s a real occurrence that is caused by stopping alcohol consumption after prolonged, excessive use. Learning to identify symptoms of DTs can ensure we obtain timely medical treatment, greatly increasing our chances of successful recovery. To further improve our health and safety, we can quit or cut back on alcohol. With this knowledge of DTs, we’re better equipped to tackle it!

Alcohol & Physical Health Effects
2024-10-08 9:00
Alcohol and Health
What Is a Maddrey Score & What Does It Mean?
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Our Maddrey score is a helpful tool that determines the severity of alcohol-related liver disease. Check out our latest blog for more info on how it’s calculated and why it matters.

18 min read

Maintain Proper Liver Function With Reframe!

Although it isn’t a treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), the Reframe app can help you cut back on drinking gradually, with the science-backed knowledge to empower you 100% of the way. Our proven program has helped millions of people around the world drink less and live more. And we want to help you get there, too!

The Reframe app equips you with the knowledge and skills you need to not only survive drinking less, but to thrive while you navigate the journey. Our daily research-backed readings teach you the neuroscience of alcohol, and our in-app Toolkit provides the resources and activities you need to navigate each challenge.

You’ll meet hundreds of fellow Reframers in our 24/7 Forum chat and daily Zoom check-in meetings. Receive encouragement from people worldwide who know exactly what you’re going through! You’ll also have the opportunity to connect with our licensed Reframe coaches for more personalized guidance.

Plus, we’re always introducing new features to optimize your in-app experience. We recently launched our in-app chatbot, Melody, powered by the world’s most powerful AI technology. Melody is here to help as you adjust to a life with less (or no) alcohol. 

And that’s not all! Every month, we launch fun challenges, like Dry/Damp January, Mental Health May, and Outdoorsy June. You won’t want to miss out on the chance to participate alongside fellow Reframers (or solo if that’s more your thing!).

The Reframe app is free for 7 days, so you don’t have anything to lose by trying it. Are you ready to feel empowered and discover life beyond alcohol? Then download our app through the App Store or Google Play today!

Read Full Article  →

Imagine you’re sitting in the doctor’s office after deciding to take charge of your liver health. You’re determined, hopeful, and ready for the changes ahead, but then your doctor mentions something about the “Maddrey score.” Suddenly, you find yourself confused, a little anxious, and unsure what this number means for your future and your path to better health.

A diverse group of individuals engaged in conversation around a table

While the Maddrey score can seem intimidating, it actually provides valuable insight into our liver health. It’s a helpful guide in determining the appropriate treatment and lifestyle changes we should make to improve our liver health. Let’s unpack what the Maddrey score is and how to calculate it to help start our journey to healing our liver.

What Is the Maddrey Score?

The Maddrey score or Maddrey discriminant function is a tool used to determine the severity of alcoholic hepatitis (a form of alcohol-related liver disease). It uses scores from different blood tests, which gives us insight into the functioning of our liver. Think of it as a report card for our liver health. 

Our doctor uses the Maddrey score to get a better idea of the outlook of our condition and help develop an appropriate treatment plan. This insight is particularly important to help us navigate the complexities of alcoholic hepatitis and work towards achieving a better prognosis. (To learn whether your current drinking habits are causing liver damage and warrant Maddrey score evaluation, check out “How Much Alcohol Causes Liver Damage?”) 

Now that we’re familiar with the Maddrey score’s role in assessing our liver health, let’s dive deeper into the specifics of alcoholic hepatitis and how it impacts our liver.

The Basics of Alcoholic Hepatitis

Alcoholic hepatitis is acute liver inflammation due to excessive alcohol consumption. Since our liver is in charge of breaking down the toxins in alcohol, too much alcohol overloads the liver and damages the tissues. 

Over time, inflammation can lead to liver scarring and cirrhosis (permanent scarring that impairs liver function). Alcoholic hepatitis can range from mild to severe and symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, changes in appetite, pain or swelling in the abdomen, and jaundice. The condition is associated with a high mortality rate, and treatment usually depends on the severity of the condition. This is where the Maddrey score comes in handy.

Components of the Maddrey Discriminant Function (MDF) Score

The MDF score is made up of two main components. The first is how long it takes for our blood to clot (prothrombin time). Prothrombin is a protein made by the liver that helps our blood clot. A high prothrombin time means it takes longer for our blood to clot, which happens when our liver isn’t producing an adequate amount of blood-clotting proteins. 

The second part of the MDF score is our serum bilirubin level. Bilirubin is a substance our body produces to break down old red blood cells. A healthy liver is able to get rid of bilirubin, but for those with liver problems, bilirubin can build up to abnormal levels, leading to symptoms such as dark-colored urine and yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice).

We can calculate our Maddrey score using the discrimination function:

Bilirubin (mg/dL) + 4.6 x (prothrombin time - control time)

Or, there are also online Maddrey score calculators that do the work for us (assuming we have all the data from a doctor after having our tests done — don’t try to test your own blood at home!). Now that we’ve figured out our Maddrey score, what does it mean? 

Reading the Maddrey Score

If our Maddrey score is less than 32, we have mild to moderate hepatitis. While it’s named “mild to moderate,” alcoholic hepatitis is a serious condition even at a less severe level. A study found that moderate alcoholic hepatitis has a 6% mortality rate at 28 days and 13% at the one-year mark. While mild to moderate alcoholic hepatitis is miles more favorable than its severe form, it should be taken seriously. 

If our Maddrey score is over 32, this means that we have severe alcoholic hepatitis. Severe alcohol hepatitis means that the damage to our liver can quickly lead to permanent liver damage and failure that can be life-threatening. Severe alcoholic hepatitis has a 6-month mortality rate of about 40% after the onset of the condition. However, aggressive management of the condition and younger age may improve our outlook. 

So, although the Maddrey score is just a number, it helps us get a clearer picture of the severity of liver damage from alcohol and guides us toward the best treatment options to improve our liver health.

Understanding the Maddrey Score and Supporting Treatments

Treating Alcoholic Hepatitis: Application of the Maddrey Score

The type of treatment depends on individual factors, but more so on the severity of the condition. For mild to moderate alcoholic hepatitis, liver damage can often be reversed, and treatment includes more lifestyle changes. 

  • Nutritional support. Malnutrition is common with alcoholic hepatitis due to impaired nutrient absorption, and is also associated with increased mortality rate. Nutritional support for those with alcohol hepatitis typically includes consuming 1.5 grams of protein per kg of body weight and around 30-40 calories per kg of body weight per day. Supplementation of micronutrients such as zinc, folate, thiamine, pyridoxine, and vitamins B, A, D, and E help replenish deficiencies caused by alcohol. 
  • Abstinence from alcohol. Avoiding alcohol is crucial in preventing further damage to our liver. Abstinence also gives the liver a break and a chance to heal. To get a better idea of how long this may take, check out “How Long Does It Take for the Liver to Heal From Alcohol Misuse?”.
  • Supportive treatments. Heavy drinking is associated with many health issues that can impact our liver health. Supportive treatments for conditions such as diabetes, obesity, and other complications may also be treated. 

The Maddrey score is especially helpful in determining whether extensive treatment is needed. Severe alcoholic hepatitis is frequently treated with medications that reduce inflammation and immune system activity (corticosteroids) or medications used to increase blood flow through the blood vessels (pentoxifylline). While corticosteroids can help treat severe liver damage, they can be unsafe for people in the following categories or with the following conditions:

  • Are over 50 years old 
  • Have uncontrolled diabetes
  • Have previous kidney injury
  • Have persistent high levels of bilirubin
  • Choose to continue to drink alcohol 
  • Experience upper GI bleeding
  • Have pancreatitis
  • Have signs of hepatic encephalopathy (loss of brain function from damaged liver)

Your doctor will utilize the Maddrey score as well as other individual factors to decide if corticosteroid therapy is the best plan of action. Along with pharmacological treatments, quitting alcohol is critical to ensuring severe alcoholic hepatitis doesn’t progress, and to increase our chances of survival. Doctors may also order other tests to better distinguish between different liver disorders and to get a clearer picture of our liver function and health.

Other Tests for Liver Function

While the Maddrey score is a great diagnostic and prognostic tool for alcoholic hepatitis, other liver function tests give us a clearer picture of our liver health and further guide our plan of treatment. The more we know, the more informed the choices we can make! Liver function panels usually include a range of tests: 

  • Mitochondrial antibodies test. This test looks for antibodies that are commonly produced if we have primary biliary cirrhosis (bile buildup that leads to liver scarring), chronic active hepatitis, and other autoimmune disorders
  • Alanine transaminase (ALT) test. This enzyme is found predominantly in the liver and is released into the bloodstream after acute liver damage. If ALT is high, it’s a good indicator of liver damage.
  • Aspartate transaminase (AST) test. AST is an enzyme that exists in our liver. When liver cells are damaged, AST can leak into our bloodstream, causing abnormally high levels. With other tests, AST can be an indicator of liver damage and other health issues.
  • Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) test. GGT is often administered with other tests to distinguish between liver and bone disease. Since ALT can be elevated due to bone disease, GGT can be an illuminating factor. The enzyme is usually elevated when there’s an obstruction to our bile ducts that carry bile from the liver to our intestines. 
  • Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) test. LDH is a type of protein that’s released when our tissues are damaged. There are five types of LDH enzymes known as isoenzymes. LDH-5 is the isoenzyme found mainly in our liver and skeletal muscle, helping us specifically detect liver damage.

After using the Maddrey score and other liver function tests, our doctor may recommend pharmacological treatments, nutritional support, and the cornerstone of alcoholic hepatitis treatment — lifestyle changes to improve our liver health and function.

Beyond Maddrey’s Discriminant Function: Maintaining a Healthy Liver 

As we’ve learned, alcoholic hepatitis is a serious condition that can be life-threatening. Taking these steps to maintain a healthy liver can reduce the risk of alcoholic hepatitis or reverse liver damage: 

  • Look out for signs of liver dysfunction. Signs of liver dysfunction including pain, jaundice, fatigue, and unexplained weight loss are not always apparent in the early stages. However, alcohol withdrawal symptoms are common in those of us with alcoholic hepatitis and can be a warning sign to check liver function even if no other signs are present. 
  • Take liver function tests. Signs of liver dysfunction aren’t always apparent until the later stages. If we’re concerned about our liver health, we can talk to our doctor about regular liver function tests, and there are even options to take liver function tests at home.
  • Avoid toxic substances. Our liver is in charge of getting rid of toxic substances in our body. Avoid toxic substances such as alcohol, medications, and other drugs
  • Maintain a healthy diet. Eating a balanced liver-healthy diet low in processed foods and added sugars helps us maintain a healthy weight and prevent excess fat buildup in our liver. On top of that, give your liver another health boost by trying liver detox drinks.
  • Get adequate exercise. Staying active improves blood flow to the liver, decreases inflammation, and prevents excess fat buildup which can impair normal liver functioning. 
  • Seek support. Quitting or cutting back on alcohol is crucial in preventing alcoholic hepatitis and maintaining a healthy liver, but it's not always easy. We can explore different treatment options to help us through the journey and regain control of our liver health and relationship with alcohol. 

These strategies not only help us prevent alcoholic hepatitis by maintaining a healthy liver, but also help us take intentional steps to improve our liver health after our Maddrey score raises a red flag. 

A Clearer Picture

The Maddrey score is just a number, but this number is critical in helping us understand how much liver damage we have from alcohol. It not only helps our doctor determine the best treatment options for us but also gives us an idea of what our outlook may be. Alcoholic hepatitis is a severe form of alcohol-related liver disease that can be life-threatening. While alcoholic hepatitis can be treated to a certain extent, the most effective way to prevent and stop liver damage is to quit alcohol, a substance that is undoubtedly toxic to our liver. 

Imagine you’re sitting in the doctor’s office after deciding to take charge of your liver health. You’re determined, hopeful, and ready for the changes ahead, but then your doctor mentions something about the “Maddrey score.” Suddenly, you find yourself confused, a little anxious, and unsure what this number means for your future and your path to better health.

A diverse group of individuals engaged in conversation around a table

While the Maddrey score can seem intimidating, it actually provides valuable insight into our liver health. It’s a helpful guide in determining the appropriate treatment and lifestyle changes we should make to improve our liver health. Let’s unpack what the Maddrey score is and how to calculate it to help start our journey to healing our liver.

What Is the Maddrey Score?

The Maddrey score or Maddrey discriminant function is a tool used to determine the severity of alcoholic hepatitis (a form of alcohol-related liver disease). It uses scores from different blood tests, which gives us insight into the functioning of our liver. Think of it as a report card for our liver health. 

Our doctor uses the Maddrey score to get a better idea of the outlook of our condition and help develop an appropriate treatment plan. This insight is particularly important to help us navigate the complexities of alcoholic hepatitis and work towards achieving a better prognosis. (To learn whether your current drinking habits are causing liver damage and warrant Maddrey score evaluation, check out “How Much Alcohol Causes Liver Damage?”) 

Now that we’re familiar with the Maddrey score’s role in assessing our liver health, let’s dive deeper into the specifics of alcoholic hepatitis and how it impacts our liver.

The Basics of Alcoholic Hepatitis

Alcoholic hepatitis is acute liver inflammation due to excessive alcohol consumption. Since our liver is in charge of breaking down the toxins in alcohol, too much alcohol overloads the liver and damages the tissues. 

Over time, inflammation can lead to liver scarring and cirrhosis (permanent scarring that impairs liver function). Alcoholic hepatitis can range from mild to severe and symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, changes in appetite, pain or swelling in the abdomen, and jaundice. The condition is associated with a high mortality rate, and treatment usually depends on the severity of the condition. This is where the Maddrey score comes in handy.

Components of the Maddrey Discriminant Function (MDF) Score

The MDF score is made up of two main components. The first is how long it takes for our blood to clot (prothrombin time). Prothrombin is a protein made by the liver that helps our blood clot. A high prothrombin time means it takes longer for our blood to clot, which happens when our liver isn’t producing an adequate amount of blood-clotting proteins. 

The second part of the MDF score is our serum bilirubin level. Bilirubin is a substance our body produces to break down old red blood cells. A healthy liver is able to get rid of bilirubin, but for those with liver problems, bilirubin can build up to abnormal levels, leading to symptoms such as dark-colored urine and yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice).

We can calculate our Maddrey score using the discrimination function:

Bilirubin (mg/dL) + 4.6 x (prothrombin time - control time)

Or, there are also online Maddrey score calculators that do the work for us (assuming we have all the data from a doctor after having our tests done — don’t try to test your own blood at home!). Now that we’ve figured out our Maddrey score, what does it mean? 

Reading the Maddrey Score

If our Maddrey score is less than 32, we have mild to moderate hepatitis. While it’s named “mild to moderate,” alcoholic hepatitis is a serious condition even at a less severe level. A study found that moderate alcoholic hepatitis has a 6% mortality rate at 28 days and 13% at the one-year mark. While mild to moderate alcoholic hepatitis is miles more favorable than its severe form, it should be taken seriously. 

If our Maddrey score is over 32, this means that we have severe alcoholic hepatitis. Severe alcohol hepatitis means that the damage to our liver can quickly lead to permanent liver damage and failure that can be life-threatening. Severe alcoholic hepatitis has a 6-month mortality rate of about 40% after the onset of the condition. However, aggressive management of the condition and younger age may improve our outlook. 

So, although the Maddrey score is just a number, it helps us get a clearer picture of the severity of liver damage from alcohol and guides us toward the best treatment options to improve our liver health.

Understanding the Maddrey Score and Supporting Treatments

Treating Alcoholic Hepatitis: Application of the Maddrey Score

The type of treatment depends on individual factors, but more so on the severity of the condition. For mild to moderate alcoholic hepatitis, liver damage can often be reversed, and treatment includes more lifestyle changes. 

  • Nutritional support. Malnutrition is common with alcoholic hepatitis due to impaired nutrient absorption, and is also associated with increased mortality rate. Nutritional support for those with alcohol hepatitis typically includes consuming 1.5 grams of protein per kg of body weight and around 30-40 calories per kg of body weight per day. Supplementation of micronutrients such as zinc, folate, thiamine, pyridoxine, and vitamins B, A, D, and E help replenish deficiencies caused by alcohol. 
  • Abstinence from alcohol. Avoiding alcohol is crucial in preventing further damage to our liver. Abstinence also gives the liver a break and a chance to heal. To get a better idea of how long this may take, check out “How Long Does It Take for the Liver to Heal From Alcohol Misuse?”.
  • Supportive treatments. Heavy drinking is associated with many health issues that can impact our liver health. Supportive treatments for conditions such as diabetes, obesity, and other complications may also be treated. 

The Maddrey score is especially helpful in determining whether extensive treatment is needed. Severe alcoholic hepatitis is frequently treated with medications that reduce inflammation and immune system activity (corticosteroids) or medications used to increase blood flow through the blood vessels (pentoxifylline). While corticosteroids can help treat severe liver damage, they can be unsafe for people in the following categories or with the following conditions:

  • Are over 50 years old 
  • Have uncontrolled diabetes
  • Have previous kidney injury
  • Have persistent high levels of bilirubin
  • Choose to continue to drink alcohol 
  • Experience upper GI bleeding
  • Have pancreatitis
  • Have signs of hepatic encephalopathy (loss of brain function from damaged liver)

Your doctor will utilize the Maddrey score as well as other individual factors to decide if corticosteroid therapy is the best plan of action. Along with pharmacological treatments, quitting alcohol is critical to ensuring severe alcoholic hepatitis doesn’t progress, and to increase our chances of survival. Doctors may also order other tests to better distinguish between different liver disorders and to get a clearer picture of our liver function and health.

Other Tests for Liver Function

While the Maddrey score is a great diagnostic and prognostic tool for alcoholic hepatitis, other liver function tests give us a clearer picture of our liver health and further guide our plan of treatment. The more we know, the more informed the choices we can make! Liver function panels usually include a range of tests: 

  • Mitochondrial antibodies test. This test looks for antibodies that are commonly produced if we have primary biliary cirrhosis (bile buildup that leads to liver scarring), chronic active hepatitis, and other autoimmune disorders
  • Alanine transaminase (ALT) test. This enzyme is found predominantly in the liver and is released into the bloodstream after acute liver damage. If ALT is high, it’s a good indicator of liver damage.
  • Aspartate transaminase (AST) test. AST is an enzyme that exists in our liver. When liver cells are damaged, AST can leak into our bloodstream, causing abnormally high levels. With other tests, AST can be an indicator of liver damage and other health issues.
  • Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) test. GGT is often administered with other tests to distinguish between liver and bone disease. Since ALT can be elevated due to bone disease, GGT can be an illuminating factor. The enzyme is usually elevated when there’s an obstruction to our bile ducts that carry bile from the liver to our intestines. 
  • Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) test. LDH is a type of protein that’s released when our tissues are damaged. There are five types of LDH enzymes known as isoenzymes. LDH-5 is the isoenzyme found mainly in our liver and skeletal muscle, helping us specifically detect liver damage.

After using the Maddrey score and other liver function tests, our doctor may recommend pharmacological treatments, nutritional support, and the cornerstone of alcoholic hepatitis treatment — lifestyle changes to improve our liver health and function.

Beyond Maddrey’s Discriminant Function: Maintaining a Healthy Liver 

As we’ve learned, alcoholic hepatitis is a serious condition that can be life-threatening. Taking these steps to maintain a healthy liver can reduce the risk of alcoholic hepatitis or reverse liver damage: 

  • Look out for signs of liver dysfunction. Signs of liver dysfunction including pain, jaundice, fatigue, and unexplained weight loss are not always apparent in the early stages. However, alcohol withdrawal symptoms are common in those of us with alcoholic hepatitis and can be a warning sign to check liver function even if no other signs are present. 
  • Take liver function tests. Signs of liver dysfunction aren’t always apparent until the later stages. If we’re concerned about our liver health, we can talk to our doctor about regular liver function tests, and there are even options to take liver function tests at home.
  • Avoid toxic substances. Our liver is in charge of getting rid of toxic substances in our body. Avoid toxic substances such as alcohol, medications, and other drugs
  • Maintain a healthy diet. Eating a balanced liver-healthy diet low in processed foods and added sugars helps us maintain a healthy weight and prevent excess fat buildup in our liver. On top of that, give your liver another health boost by trying liver detox drinks.
  • Get adequate exercise. Staying active improves blood flow to the liver, decreases inflammation, and prevents excess fat buildup which can impair normal liver functioning. 
  • Seek support. Quitting or cutting back on alcohol is crucial in preventing alcoholic hepatitis and maintaining a healthy liver, but it's not always easy. We can explore different treatment options to help us through the journey and regain control of our liver health and relationship with alcohol. 

These strategies not only help us prevent alcoholic hepatitis by maintaining a healthy liver, but also help us take intentional steps to improve our liver health after our Maddrey score raises a red flag. 

A Clearer Picture

The Maddrey score is just a number, but this number is critical in helping us understand how much liver damage we have from alcohol. It not only helps our doctor determine the best treatment options for us but also gives us an idea of what our outlook may be. Alcoholic hepatitis is a severe form of alcohol-related liver disease that can be life-threatening. While alcoholic hepatitis can be treated to a certain extent, the most effective way to prevent and stop liver damage is to quit alcohol, a substance that is undoubtedly toxic to our liver. 

Alcohol & Physical Health Effects